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| Boy soldiers in Panama during the Thousand Days' War. |
Cortland Evening Standard, Friday, June 29, 1900.
COLOMBIA TURNS TO US
To Maintain Peace and Order in Panama.
NICARAGUA IS RESPONSIBLE.
At Least the Colombian Government Believes So and Is in Doubt Whether It Can Sustain Itself on the Central American Isthmus.
WASHINGTON, June 29.—Dispatches received here indicate that the Colombian government has finally satisfied itself that Nicaragua is responsible for the revolutionary movements on the isthmus of Panama, directed against the Colombian government.
Operations of these insurrectionists have become so formidable as to make it doubtful whether the Columbian government can maintain itself on the Isthmus and inquiries have been made of our government to ascertain how far reliance may be had, in such event, upon us for the maintenance of peace and order.
Our government has, in answer, simply reverted to its old and well-defined policy in such cases of limiting its activities to the keeping open of the Panama railway and the protection of the lives and property of United States citizens.
If it shall be necessary to land a naval force for this purpose, as has been done before, the commander of the warship, probably the Machias, will be instructed to take no part as between the combatants except such action as is forced upon him in the discharge of the two obligations above mentioned.
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| Edwin Hurd Conger. |
ALL DEPENDS ON CONGER.
Future Relations Between United States and China Hinge on What He May Say.
WASHINGTON, June 29.—Yesterday's developments in Chinese affairs were meagre, and the general opinion here is that the two messages received—one from Kempff, and other from Li Hung Chang—could not be accepted as settling the important question as to the fate of the foreign ministers at Pekin and their families and attaches. The secretary of the navy, by special instruction of the president, had been particular to cable Admiral Kempff several days ago to keep the navy department informed of everything that happened within the zone of disturbance in China and it is believed that his omission to make any reference in his cablegram yesterday morning as to the whereabouts of the ministers was based upon the absence of any information on that subject at Taku, where the admiral is with his flagship the Newark. And, if no information could be had at Taku, only thirty miles down the river, from Tien Tsin, of the presence of the ministers in Admiral Seymour's column but eight miles distant, then officials here cannot understand how any other government could have superior facilities; and so they felt justified in waiting for further advices before accepting the Chinese statements on that point as accurate.
Minister Wu, who brought Li's message to the state department, could not explain away the points of variance between the viceroy's statements and the cable messages received from other sources. However, he pinned his faith to the accuracy of them and pointed out that it agreed closely with Admiral Kempff s message of yesterday, stating that the ministers were reported to be with Seymour.
The navy department has had further communication with Admiral Kempff in the shape of two messages, one touching the strength of the foreign forces ashore in China and another, which the officials stated had no bearing upon the military situation; but in neither was there any mention of the ministers. One consideration which makes against the unreserved acceptance by the officials of the assurance of minor Chinese officials, including Li Hung Chang and Minister Wu, that a state of war does not exist, is the fact that Mr. Conger is not permitted to communicate with his own government by the same means employed by the Tsung-Li-Yamen in getting news to the outside world, leading to a suspicion that he is not at that perfect liberty which marks the existence of a state of peace.
It is possible that the Chinese government may be able to offer a satisfactory explanation on this point, but at present the officials say that our future relations with China depend altogether upon what Minister Conger has to say when he is finally brought again in touch with the state department.
A significant piece of information furnished by the navy department is the report of the sailing of the Scindia from Gibraltar for Cardiff for a cargo of Welsh coal, which she is to carry back to Manila or China. The ship was on her way home from Manila via the Mediterranean route.
RUSSIANS PRAISED.
Captain Bayley Says It Is Due to Them That Anyone Is Alive at Tien Tsin.
SHANGHAI, June 29.—The Daily News has a dispatch from Wei-Hai-Wei, dated June 27, saying:
"The railway terminus, which is eight miles' north of Tien Tsin is destroyed.
"Captain Bayley wishes it published that it is due to the Russians that anyone is alive at Tien Tsin.
"The American consul telegraphed that the American mission at Wei-Hai-Wei has been completely destroyed."
From official sources it is learned that the legations at Pekin and the foreigners there were safe June 25.
PAGE TWO—EDITORIALS.
The advocates of good roads are hoping for a material advance in the cause as a result of the rapid introduction of automobiles. The impulse toward better highways caused by the bicycle, is likely to be repeated in intensified form, now that a new device calling for smooth surfaces has been perfected, especially as the higher cost of the automatic vehicle is calculated to cause its owner to demand proportionate consideration. The serviceability of the automobile increases in a ratio with the smoothness of the way. The electric vehicle, having a limited capacity, is especially affected by rough roads, which increase the demand upon the batteries for a given length of run. The road use of these contrivances is rapidly becoming their chief feature, and hence the hope that influences too strong to be ignored will be felt by state legislatures to induce them to pass modern road laws calculated to reform the highways. The owners of automobiles will find it to their interest to take n hand in the good roads propaganda, as have the wheelmen, and with this help, the good work may progress to the point of extensive additions to the decent highways of the country during the next few years.
LETTER FROM H. G. JOY.
NOW AT GEORGETOWN, BRITISH GUIANA, SOUTH AMERICA.
Natural Characteristics of the City, Its People and Business—Products of the Neighboring Country—Many Hindoos Employed.
The following is part of a private letter written by Mr. H. G. Joy [print shop foreman employed by the Cortland Standard—CC ed.] to his son while on his recent trip to South America. Though Mr. Joy has returned we publish it just the same because of its excellence and because his previous letters have aroused so much interest among our readers. It has been crowded out hitherto for lack of space. We have one more letter that we hope to publish in a few days.
GEORGETOWN, B. G., May 15, 1900.
DEAR GRAY—The city of Georgetown and the surrounding country is flat, therefore not so picturesque as most of the West Indies with their low lands and uplands, their sharp hills and high peaks; but its soil is deeper and more productive and there is a much larger variety of tropical trees, fruits and flowers, so that it possesses a gentler and more velvety beauty of its own. Sunshine and drifting clouds swiftly vary the shades on leaf, lawn and flower, and even affect the changing pictures in the streets. The East India coolie would be a blotch on the landscape in most of places, while here his bare black hide, which the sun cannot blister, fits in with the startling colors worn by the higher caste Hindoos and Chinese. The women are all clothed, but bare armed and barefooted, and wear a quantity of flat silver ornaments on their arms and ankles. In addition they frequently have round, button-like ornaments pinned to the sides of their nostrils. Georgetown is quite a pretty city with good streets and good roads leading out of it. There are of course some good public buildings, such as government building, supreme law courts building, police courts building, town hall, central fire station, etc. None of these are more than two stories. It is doubtful if the soft soil, only a few feet above sea level, would furnish a suitable support for high heavy structures.
Light or skeleton wood buildings, with tropic blinds and verandas, are the rule. The better class of dwellings are three and four stories high, but what with us would be the ground floor is here usually left entirely open or partly latticed up, and used to work in, or for storage or playground; the living rooms being above are reached by an outside latticed stairway covered with corrugated iron. Permitting the light and wind to pass freely under residences is doubtless a good thing from a sanitary point of view in a country that is never purified by frost. The hotels all have bars and tap-rooms are numerous on the street corners. I have seen no drunkenness, and by 11 o'clock P. M. this town of 70,000 people is more quiet than Cortland. There is a strong patrol of black policemen, who are not so highly adorned as those of St. Lucia, nor do they seem to elicit special admiration from their colored sisters. They may be more intelligent, resourceful and tactful in sudden crisis than they look, but I suspect it is fortunate for the peace of the city that criminals are just as conservative and just as far behind the age as the business men.
Georgetown has one daily paper. When you say it is cleanly printed you have given it all the praise possible from the American point of view. There are no personals or locals in it, except a report of the police court. Since I came here a cargo of steel rails, motor cars and electrical appliances, and the experts for the construction of trolley lines throughout the city have arrived here and 200 men have been put to work without the papers having a word about it. How strong old habits are.
The business streets have sidewalks, but there are none on the residence streets. The walking, however, is smooth and good. There are no high walls about the dwellings, as in Bermuda and the islands at which we stopped in coming down, and the streets are much wider; in fact many are very wide and have stone-walled waterways running along the center, bordered on each side with a ten-foot wide lawn. Looking out of a third-story window gives one the impression that the houses are embowered in foliage. Along the streets and in the yards are numerous handsome trees such as the sand-box, light and dark mahogany, wide tamarind, plum, and others which I cannot now name. Some of them are wide-spreading and some of considerable height. The plum tree of this region is very tall, wide and full foliaged. The cocoa palm reaches a great height, without limb, leaf or knot except the tuft at the top. That is where the nut is also, and getting at it is a hard nut to crack.
Georgetown has a library of 5,000 volumes, and in connection therewith is a large and delightfully airy reading room, where all the magazines and illustrated papers of the United Kingdom are found. To my surprise I learned that the number of these is greatly in excess of that issued in our country. There are hospitals and a supply of churches fully equal to the demand; also a noisy band of Salvationists, armed with bones, banjo and wind instruments. This is a combination that goes direct to the cores of George Washington's and Dinah's hearts, and there is lung power enough thrown into the choruses to carry them straight up to the stars. There are Catholic, English and Wesleyan churches. The Catholic church has the highest tower in the city, and having been told that church and tower are always open. I got up very early one morning and climbed the tower. At first the night mists from the sea and river hung in filmy patches over the streets and dwellings; spires and towers, and distant fields and vessels were half veiled in the morning dimness. In twenty minutes the rising sun had cleared things so I could get a birds-eye view of Georgetown, and on one ride beyond the town several hundred Hindoos were emerging from their shacks to commence work, looking like black ants at that distance; in another direction several miles of the green ringleted shores of the Demerara river were in view, with its muddy water moving slowly towards the sea; looking seaward nothing was visible but the restless waste of water, with the light-ship bobbing in the swell of the sea. On coming down I saw two cock robins quarreling, and lingered a little way inside the gate and watched them chase each other back and forth until a bulldog charged them through an opposite gate, with eager yelps and an unwarranted faith in the swiftness of his bowlegs. The birds took refuge in a tree, and from under it the dog said things to them until he saw me, when he came at me so fast and furious I thought I was "a goner" sure. No stick or stone was within reach and it was too late to run; if I should I would get bitten sure. So I stood as still and mute as a wooden Indian in front of a tobacco shop. When the dog came within six feet of me he checked himself so suddenly that his hind legs went up in the air and his fore feet made gravel fly. He at once began sniffing about me to ascertain what kind of bird it was that did not fly before one of his rushes. The birds renewed their quarrel then, and the dog hurried over towards them. I tiptoed quickly out at the gate and made a short spurt.
There is a Mohammedan church also, but as one must take off shoes and hose, wash the feet and enter barefooted, and as I feared there was a hole in the toe of my stocking, I did not approach it.
There is a botanical garden and a seawall promenade, in each of which a colored band plays twice a week. There are no really good hotels, and anything like our American restaurants are unknown. The cooking is so poor, or at least so different from what we of New York state are accustomed to, that it is very unsatisfactory indeed. The hotel people never send representatives to steamers, or anywhere else for patronage. Travelers are compelled to learn of hotels and find their way to them as best they can. There are many of the better class of Portuguese in the professions and conducting large stores, while another class run hotels and monopolize the saloon trade, or "licensed spirit shops," as they are termed here. I am told that some of these shops pay two and three thousand dollars a year for license. This seems improbable, as they are not inviting from the outside, and in this climate death follows hot-foot after the hard drinker. Among the well fed and careful classes the death rate is light. A bluff, hale looking English doctor told me the other day there was not a patient in the public hospitals. Spiders may well feel proud of their development. I discovered one on the wall of my room last night so big that I called a servant to dispatch him. I have seen no flies; ants and mosquitoes are plentiful. The latter is almost black, or rather is--barred with black and white stripes. As I have not yet felt his sting, I have paid little heed to him. I am told, however, that this insect changes with the seasons, and is not always so inoffensive. The mosquito pest is not so bad at Georgetown as in some other parts of the colony. On the Berbice river last week they were so bad that all business and work was stopped, the people taking shelter indoors. Chickens and children are about the streets everywhere, until one is liable to fall over them. Chickens run about the business streets also, and invade the stores. I saw a hen squatted on a corner of the sidewalk, while her brood of downy chicks darted in and out about her wings, with a stream of people passing all about her.
I was never in a country before where there were babies enough to go around, so that every woman might possess one. But the negroes are simply grown up, irresponsible children. Girls marry at fifteen. The black boy who waits on me at table slyly informed me this morning that he was to be married soon. "You can't support a wife," said I. "Don't have to" was the smiling reply. "Are you an only child?" "Huh, my pop hab twelve children by his wife and twelve by odder womans." An old negro followed me into an English cathedral to beg; he claimed to have had twenty-five children by three wives, but could not remember the number by other women. This seems to be the black people's one habit of general industry, continuously pursued. The percentage of illegitimate children is almost two out of three, and an average of one hundred little ones under one year of age die each month, probably from lack of nourishment and proper care. Those that survive long enough sleep almost any where, live on air, and run about in the sunshine and the rain almost as naked as God made them. Among the colored people illegitimacy is not much of a disgrace, and is no hindrance to success in life.
The poorest people live in unclean looking shanties with square holes for windows; some have a door loosely swinging, others only the open doorway. Many of them are bare of furniture, and it seems that life in them must be hard and unhappy, but the philosophical negro says there is no window or door so natural as a hole in the wall; that men slept before there were bedsteads, ate before there were tables and took their ease before there were chairs. There are some light colored creole women, with African, Portuguese and Spanish blood mixed in their veins, who have while young a tenderness of outline and form, and a subflush of color beneath the dusky skin, that with the glow of their wonderful eyes gives them a charming appearance; but this is soon merged into the ominous aspect of early old age. Only the inextinguishable light of the eyes remain—index of the passion that has burned to ashes all other elements of beauty.
The weather has been excellent so far; unusually clear, or thin fleecy clouds floating across the sky. When perfectly clear the sun's rays are rather trying if exposed to them, but there is all the while, day and night, a cooling steady breeze from off the sea, with the tang of salt air in it.
In running down from Barbadoes we had a faint glimpse of the little island of Tobago, the scene of Robinson Crusoe's adventures, and his man Friday. It is said to be a very pretty Island, well wooded and watered. If Mr. Crusoe had not been in such feverish haste to leave it, and had held on one or two hundred years longer, his "squatter rights" would have brought him a handsome sum. It is related that many years ago a Yankee from Connecticut tried hard to organize a stock company, among the moneyed men of Trinidad, to purchase Tobago, His scheme was to stock it with 1,000 black cats and 5,000 rats. He estimated that the cats would increase to 15,000 in a year or two, and black cat skins were worth $1 each. The rats he said would increase five times as fast as the cats. The rats were to be used to feed the cats and the skinned cats again to feed the rats. This was so near to perpetual motion that it made the heads of the slow-thinking Englishmen whirl, and the Connecticut man at last gave it up. A wealthy Englishman now owns the island and has established thereon a model horse-breeding farm, with ample buildings. Where Crusoe's goats used to range blooded mares and their foals are now grazing.
Neither the West Indies nor British Guiana are as prosperous as they might be. Large bodies of land are held by parties who do not live here nor upon the islands. Whatever money is made by the estates is squandered or invested elsewhere. The result is the land is not fertilized or manured in any way. The blades are stripped from the cane in the field, and after the stalks have been removed to the crusher even the blades are burned instead of turning them under. So the work has gone on year after year, impoverishing the soil, until the quantity of sugar obtained per acre has greatly diminished. The competition of beet sugar has reduced the price also, and the cheapness of the latter has practically shut West India sugar out of the English home market. The people here feel indignant towards the home government because she does not levy a tax on German and French beet sugar that will be prohibitive. Big fortunes have been rapidly accumulated on sugar plantations in the past; for that reason sugar cane has been sedulously and diligently cultivated to the exclusion of other things. With sugar down, there is nothing left.
Considerable gold is taken from the mines, but they are a long distance back in the interior and difficult to reach, the way being beset with natives, or "bushmen," and niggers run wild. It is a tropical wilderness, and therefore unhealthy when reached. Some enthusiastic explorers and mining engineers claim that the gold fields extend for some five hundred miles from the Orinoco river to the Brazilian boundary, and predict their development on a scale equal to that of the Rand mines in South Africa. As a matter of fact, there is less gold shipped from the mines to Georgetown now than there was a few years ago. The conditions of life in a tropical country will always prevent as much work being done as in cooler climates. These people are now realizing that the wisdom of diversified agriculture holds good in sugar regions as in other parts of the world. At one time British Guiana raised and exported considerable cotton and tobacco, and these articles would have developed into permanent and profitable industries, had not the great landholders insisted on their agents devoting all their energies to the production of sugar. Tobacco grows wild in the interior, and coffee can be grown. Rice is grown to a limited extent, and yet three crops a year can be harvested from one sowing. It is not so white as the rice sold in our markets. There are thousands of coolies on the plantations who live almost exclusively on rice. Instead of raising all that is needed here, these sugar-crazed people send out large sums of money annually to pay for imported rice. Cinnamon and nutmeg trees grow here, as well as ginger and cayenne pepper plants; there are plants from which dyes and colors can be made; also oil trees, such as the monkey-pot tree, wangala, sandbox, butter tree and others; milk tree and rubber and incense trees. From the fruits of the plantain and cassaca trees a kind of meal is made from which cakes are baked and consumed extensively by the blacks. The leaves of the plantain make an excellent dressing for blistered and ulcerated surfaces, and good bedding for cattle and horses. With a fiber obtained from its stem paper and cloth have been made. Indian corn, peas and beans, cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, lettuce, parsley, radishes and onions all do very well here. Pineapples, shaddocks, oranges, bananas, limes, guava, bellapple, mangos, grenadilia and melons are native to the soil, as well as many other fruits. All these things should be looked after, cultivated, developed and improved upon.
All of the articles will improve in size and quality with cultivation. But scarcely any attention in paid to them. They are gradually disappearing from Georgetown. The negroes will not work on the sugar plantations, nor will they cultivate vegetables and care for the fruits on a little piece of land when offered them on the shares. On short odd jobs where a number of them are together they work well. About the wharves and ships they are very useful. Only seedless oranges command a good price in New York, yet the people of Guiana have never thought of developing a sweet seedless orange.
Plantations of rubber trees would be a fine thing now, with rubber worth over one dollar a pound in New York. The best rubber for bicycle, hack and automobile tires is obtained on the Para river, one of the large tributaries of the Amazon from the South. Those here who have given the subject attention claim that rubber will be yet scarcer, because the trees near the banks of the rivers have been tapped so many years that they are nearly exhausted. In order to reach the fresh, untouched rubber trees, deeper in the forest, a longer time and larger number of men will be required. The trees are tapped in the morning, and during the day the milky juice is received in clay vessels. It is then evaporated over a slow fire until it is somewhat thicker than jelly. The buyers in New York have to stand a loss of from 16 to 30 per cent in weight, on account of drying while in transit.
The commerce of tropical countries is usually one sided. Their imports are scanty because of the primitive life and state of civilization of the majority of the inhabitants, while their exports are often large because climate and soil are working partners with the natives. But even the richest of soils—where the weeds grow so fast they pull themselves up by the roots—and the most genial of climates cannot do it all. Sugar mills and an ice factory are all the manufactories in this colony. Although all other manufactured articles are imported, only a small percentage of them come from America. Looking over last year's list I see that of agricultural implements they bought in America to the value of $326; firearms $107; books $7,571; boots and shoes $1,843; beer $395; bicycles $500. This is a fine place for wheels—good, level roads and summer all the year through. The American wheels have to be sold cheaper than the English, and it is a queer thing that after paying for transportation more than two thousand miles, and a tax for admission into Demerara, they are sold cheaper than at home. Of canned goods they purchased $4,228 worth; of carts $96; carriage materials $501; cutlery $57; Cordage $733; twine $46; candles $913; cash registers $78; drugs $1,950; chemicals $1,355; clocks, cheap alarms $35; druggists sundries and perfumes $797; dry goods $25; duck $724; domestics $6,465; electrical material $1,175; emery wheels $282; furniture $971; hardware $652: jewelry $340. An employee of the library desired me to send him a $2.50 watch when I returned, as he had been assured beautiful and accurate timepieces sold in the States for $1; he wanted a "way up" one with all the late embellishments and improvements. Another man wanted to know if we saw the sun at all in the winter; and yet another could not understand how Canada could be as cold or colder than New York, as the British colonies, he supposed, were all warmer than the British Isles. Referring again to my list, that same year, this colony took from the States lamps and chandeliers to the value of $465; lumber $7,560; leather $270; machinery $1,683; oils, chiefly illuminating, $12,899; provisions, two-thirds of it pork, $80,000; paper $309; railroad cars and supplies $2,500; sugar $13; soap $3,329; tobacco $9,959; vegetables $6,955; miscellaneous $6,137.
I presume the Hindoo is a steady, patient worker, one well suited to the sugar plantations, for the planters are always crying for more of him. For several years it has been the custom to import 5,000 at a time, the colonists and the crown each paying one-half the expenses. The governor this year attempted to cut the number down one-half, but the sugar-growers and their friends made it so lively for him that the line was drawn at 4,000. The coolie wears less clothing than any other class, in fact after several thousand years he has advanced beyond nature only to the extent of a dirty cloth about his middle, twisted in some fantastic fashion to hang half way to the knee in front, while behind—behind—well he reminds one of Mark Twain's couplet:
His hair is black and straight, his nose thin, his teeth black, his eyes sinister. At night they lie huddled in sheltered places for warmth; while in daytime they sun themselves in rows along the gutter, or stalk about enveloped in dignity and dirt—the men who want to marry little girls and burn widows. The coolie comes from the lower orders in India, and is at the bottom mentally and socially here. The white, the Creole, the Portugee, the Chinese and the African scorn him; even the cockroach and the ant, the flea and the mosquito flout and decline to bite and sup with him. Despite the greatness of the white man and the wonders he accomplishes, notwithstanding that he is the hand of destiny to the Hindoos, the coolie does not care to imitate his dress or manners, nor desire to acquire the white man's knowledge and thereby his power, but with his mind filled with dreams of heathen mythology and demonology looks down upon all other races with immeasurable contempt. To us this seems contentment with a vengeance.
Not so with John Chinaman, who is here a lighter colored, more alert looking individual than with us. He is employed in the customs department, and as clerk in some of the shipping agencies, and is frequently engaged in business in a small way. Many of the creole women prefer him for a husband. He is an industrious worker, a much better provider than the negro or creole, and kind to his women. The Portuguese make their women work hard. The English race have had much to do with the Chinaman in Eastern lands, and speak of the middle classes with a good deal of respect. He is, they claim, the only man in the Far East who will continue working after he has accumulated a few dollars; that the Japanese, Javanese, Siamese and Maylays quit until the few dollars are spent; that "in very truth John is the one indispensable factor in Far Eastern trade—the industrial backbone of Siam, the pioneer of Maylayan development, the financier of Japan." That he is patient, persevering and quick to learn. We are very anxious just now to increase our trade with, and boast a great deal about our friendship for the Chinese, while there is not another civilized government on earth that has, during the past fifty years, permitted the cruel, cowardly harrying, the robbing and murdering of its Chinese residents (in the West) with the free hand of the United States. Yet it is the "land of the free and the home of the brave." Well, perhaps plain John Chinaman, without title or pedigree, outcast in many lands, and scorned in many more, may be the coming man to develop tropical South America.
Well Gray, the writing of this letter has tired me out and the reading of it may have the same effect on you. Good bye, my son,
HARLEM G. JOY.
FINE HOLSTEIN STOCK
Sold by H. L. Bronson to George Van Buren and George Severance.
Mr. Horace L. Bronson has recently sold to Mr. George Van Buren of East Homer, a registered Holstein bull calf, Sap Second Paul De Kol. The dam Sap 2nd is one of the best cows in Mr. Bronson's large Holstein herd, and the sire Baron De Kol combines the blood of the famous Holstein cows, DeKol 2nd, and Pauline Paul. Mr. Van Buren after trying all breeds of cattle, has determined to work into the Holstein. Another purchase from the same herd, recently made, was a bull calf out of Salzell by Mr. George Severance of Cortlandville. The dam is not only a registered Holstein, but has successfully passed into advanced registry. She calved Nov. 30, 1899, and a few days since, when Mr. Severance purchased her calf he saw her milked, and she gave twenty-seven pounds of milk, net, at one milking while running in the pasture, and receiving no grain. The sire of this calf is the same as that of Mr. Van Buren's—Baron de Kol. Mr. Bronson reports that without advertising his Holsteins, there has been a demand for all of his surplus stock, and in fact, more than he could possibly supply. Both Mr. Van Buren and Mr. Severance are proud of their purchases, as they have reason to be.
BREVITIES.
—The dates of the Dryden fair this year are Sept. 18, 19 and 20.
—The class day exercises of the Normal class of 1900 were held in Normal hall this afternoon at 2 o'clock.
—The Normal baseball team is playing to-day with the Candor team at Candor. To-morrow the boys expect to play in Spencer.
—The ninth annual reception by the clubs at the Normal school will be held in the Normal parlors to-morrow night at 8 o'clock.
—Mrs. Esther Johnson delightfully entertained the Kindergarten graduating class of the Normal at The Kremlin [Hotel] Wednesday evening.
—The ninth annual oratorical contest of the Epsilon Chapter of the Delphic fraternity will occur at Normal hall this evening at 8 o'clock.
—New display advertisements to-day are—W. J. Perkins, druggist, Soda water, page 5; Mitchell & Strowbridge, Sunday dinner meats, page 5; Hudson, formerly C. W. Collins, Saturday bargains, page 7.
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