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| Leon Czolgosz. |
Cortland Evening Standard, Tuesday, Sept. 17, 1901.
CZOLGOSZ INDICTED.
Grand Jury Holds Him For Murder In First Degree.
PRISONER STUBBORN IN COURT.
Refused to Make Application For Counsel. Hon. Loran L. Lewis and Hon. Robert C. Titus Appointed By Court—Trial to Begin On Monday.
BUFFALO, Sept. 17.—Leon Czolgosz, alias Fred Nieman, was indicted yesterday afternoon by the grand jury of Erie county for the crime of murder in the first degree, in fatally shooting President McKinley at the Pan-American grounds on Friday afternoon, Sept. 6.
District Attorney Penney occupied the morning in presenting the evidence in the case to the grand jury. Aside from the surgeons and physicians in the case no witnesses were examined other than those who were in the Temple of Music and witnessed the shooting. The complete list of witnesses who testified is as follows: Dr. Herman Mynter, Dr. H. R. Gaylord, Dr. H. G. Matzinger, Dr. M. D. Mann, Detective Gallagher, Attorney James L. Quackenbush, Louis L. Babcock, Harry Henshaw, Captain Damer and Patrolman Markel of the exposition police; Corporal Louis Bertschey and Privates Neff, O'Brien, Fennenbaugh and Brooks of the Seventy-third United States Sea Coast artillery; E. C. Knapp, Mrs. Vandenbergh Davis, John Branch, Captain Valelly, Superintendent Bull, and Assistant Superintendent P. V. Cusack of the local police department; Fred Leighter, Charles J. Close, Exposition Guards Westenfelder and James and Detectives Geary and Solomon of this city.
The vote was taken by the jury at 4:15 o'clock in the afternoon. At 4:41 the secret indictment was handed to Judge Emery in the county court. The news spread that the prisoner was to be arraigned and the courtroom and corridors in the vicinity were crowded.
The prisoner had been removed from the Erie county penitentiary, a mile distant, to the jail, across the street under a heavy guard. After the indictment was reported he was brought to the courtroom through a tunnel that connects the city hall and the jail. The prisoner was brought in shackled to Detectives Geary and Solomon and surrounded by a guard of police. The crowd surged forward as he entered, but were made to resume their seats. Czolgosz looked somewhat unkempt with a 10 day' growth of beard on his face. His eyes roamed about the room in short, sharp glances, but were always downcast. He never looked the judge or the prosecutor in the face.
The district attorney asked Czolgosz if he had a lawyer. No answer was elicited. He was asked if he wanted a lawyer. No answer. "You have been indicted for murder in the first degree. Don't you want a lawyer to defend you? Look at me and answer," Mr. Penney yelled at the prisoner. But he stubbornly refused to make any response.
The district attorney then respectfully requested Judge Emery to appoint counsel to defend the prisoner. The judge tried to get Czolgosz to make application, but his queries were met as stubbornly as were Mr. Penney's. The court then appointed Hon. Loran L. Lewis and Hon. Robert C. Titus to defend the prisoner, stating that these men had been suggested by the Bar Association of Erie county.
Czolgosz was then removed as he had come. Outside the crowds surged toward the prisoner, but he was quickly surrounded by a cordon of police under Captain Regan and removed to the basement and thence through the tunnel to the jail.
District Attorney Penney announced that he would immediately notify Justices Lewis and Titus and allow them time to see the prisoner and prepare their line of defense. He hopes to arraign Czolgosz to plead to the indictment some time today. The district attorney will notice the case for trial on next Monday morning at 10 o'clock in part III of the supreme court, that being the opening day of the September term.
Herr Most Has An Alibi.
NEW YORK, Sept. 17.—Johann Most, who was arrested last Thursday night on a charge of being a suspicious person, and was charged on Friday morning with having violated section 575 of the penal code in publishing an article tending to disturb the public peace, was examined yesterday before Magistrate Olmstead. When he was called to the bar he said he would defend himself. The detectives put in evidence the sworn complaint and the translation of an article entitled "Murder Against Murder" which had appeared in The Freiheit, Most's paper, of Saturday, Sept. 7, together with a copy of the paper, and Detective French told how he had arrested Most. This was all the evidence shown.
In reply Herr Most made an address to the court.
"The article in question," said Most, "is a quotation from a book published 55 years ago in Milwaukee and printed by me in The Freiheit 15 years ago. The paper was printed Thursday," he continued," mailed and distributed on Friday and dated Saturday. The entire edition was mailed and distributed before the president was shot on Friday and the article could not therefore be inspired by the event."
Magistrate Olmstead adjourned the case until 2 o'clock in the afternoon to give Most a chance to furnish proof of his assertion.
At the afternoon session, Most presented a receipt from a news company to show that the paper containing the article had been delivered at 11 a. m. on Friday. On the request of the district attorney the magistrate said he would hold Most for trial, although he did not think that the article had been printed because of the Buffalo crime. He fixed ball at $500.
William McKinley.
SERVICES AT CANTON.
Body Will Reach There on Wednesday Morning—Will Be at McKinley Home and Courthouse.
CANTON, O., Sept. 17.—The latest advices received by the local committee having in charge preparations for the final services over the remains of the late President McKinley are that the official train will reach here at 11 o'clock Wednesday morning. Just what will be done with the body between that hour and church services at 2 o'clock Thursday afternoon has not yet been officially announced beyond the fact that it will be at the McKinley home for a part of that time. This is in response to the wishes of Mrs. McKinley.
If assent can be secured the local committee will take the body from the train direct to the courthouse and have it lie in state there until 9 o'clock Wednesday night and then be removed to the McKinley house for the night and returned to the courthouse early Thursday morning, to remain until the church services.
At the church services Thursday afternoon Rev. Dr. C. E. Manchester will deliver a short address and the services will be brief. Afterwards a military and civic parade will escort the remains to West Lawn cemetery, where they will be deposited in the public receiving vault awaiting the preparation for a permanent resting place.
CREED OF ANARCHISTS.
Manual of Assassination Found Upon Czolgosz.
WORK OF THE FREE SOCIETY.
Full Instructions Given as to Methods to be Employed by Men Selected to Murder Rulers or Other Objectionable Persons—Use of Poison on Weapons Advised.
Czolgosz, the president's assailant, carried with him the creed of the anarchist society to which he belongs and a pamphlet detailing advice for successful assassination issued by au organization whose avowed purpose is murder, says the New York Herald's special correspondent at Buffalo. These have been found by the police and are printed in full below. They comprise two of the most cruel documents ever issued by civilized beings.
In full detail and with marvelous cunning such recruits as Czolgosz were initiated thus into the mysteries of the order and the successful accomplishments of its ends.
A manual purports to give some instruction for assassins. It is constructed in so cunning a manner that a man like Czolgosz must surely have been impelled with a desire to follow out its directions.
This manual is the work of the Free society, of which the anarchists now under arrest in Chicago are said to comprise many of the members of the executive committee. It is the most sensational proof of the existence of a plot yet discovered.
A copy of it is as follows:
We hereby bind ourselves together to advocate and work for the destruction of the existing social order, with its laws and institutions, and the common division of property. We hold it to be self evident that the government, the law, the schools, the churches and the press are in the pay and under the control of the capitalists and will never consent to the laborers' demands unless compelled by force.
We maintain that all property owned by corporations and individuals should be destroyed and all capital which has been produced by labor should be transferred into common property, for it is only when capital is made common and indivisible that all can be made to partake fully and freely of the fruits of common activity. Only by the impossibility of acquiring individual capital can every one be compelled to work who claims a right to live. As in former times, no privilege in the class ever relinquished its tyranny. No more can we take it for granted that the capitalists of the present day will forego their privileges and their authority without compulsion.
It is therefore self evident that the fight of the proletariat against the upper and the middle classes must be of a violent character and that mere wage conflicts can never lead to the goal.
We show by numerous illustrations that all attempts which have been made in the past to do away with existing monstrous social systems through peaceful means—for example, the ballot box—have been utterly useless and will be so in the future. We know, therefore, that the ruling class will not voluntarily relinquish the prerogatives and will make no concessions to us.
Under all these circumstances there is only one remedy left-—force.
Our platform is simple and divided as follows:
First.—Destruction of existing class domination through inexorable revolution and international activity.
Second.—The building of a free society on communistic organizations or productions.
Third.—Free exchange of equivalent products through the productive organization, without jobbing and profit making.
Fourth.—Organization of the educational system upon nonreligious lines and on an equal basis for both sexes.
Fifth.—Equal rights for all without distinction of sex or race.
Sixth.—The regulation of public affairs through agreements between the independent communes and confederacies.
Leon Czolgosz now asserts that he belongs to the International Arbeiter Zeitung association, which is divided into eighty groups of anarchists. It is ruled by a central committee, located in Chicago, of which the members are said to be Abraham Isaak, Michael Rose, Alfred Schneider, Henry Trevagilo and Morris Fox.
Indirectly the Free society is connected with the Arbeiter Zeitung association. The Free society has issued huge quantities of printed material, a key to which is now in the possession of the police of Buffalo and Chicago. Physical force is the doctrine that is at all times taught. Opposition to society as it now exists is the watchword. Special stress is laid upon success.
Among the belongings of Czolgosz was found a manual of instructions for the successful execution of anarchical assassinations by knife or bullet, together with complete details or plans and a method of supplying the assassin with funds. Rules for his conduct under all circumstances are supplied. The words "murder" and "assassination" are not used, but for them is substituted "event' and "action."
The manual contains the following:
There will be three periods in any event: (1) The period of preparation for the action; (2) the moment of the action itself; (3) the portion of time which follows the deed.
It is easily comprehensible to everybody that the danger of discovery is the greater the more numerous the number of people or the group which contemplates the deed. When a deed is decided upon, let a comrade be selected, in the usual way, who does not live at the place of "action."
Whoever is selected and willing to execute the deed must put the question to himself and answer it to the satisfaction of his comrades, as well as his own, whether he is able or not to carry out the action by himself. If he gives perfect assurance of sufficient mental control and resolution to perform the deed singly, let him absolutely initiate no one in the matter and let him "act" alone. But if that is not the case let him look with the greatest care for just as many fellows as he must absolutely have—no more, no less.
Let there be no discussion of the deed in groups, tor useless debates develop, and the danger of discovery is enhanced. Let the comrade or comrades observe perfect silence. If there is any talk, then the thing is at once hung upon a great bell, and it would soon reach the ears of "the men who hear the grass grow and the fleas cough." "Does the selected man possess head as well as heart?" "Has the formation of the plan been perfected?" "Is the manner of execution clearly understood?" These answered in the affirmative, then let "action" follow with the greatest possible swiftness.
Let there be no delay, for now you move within the scope of the greatest danger, for you may be detected; you may have committed treason or conspiracy and may be apprehended before you have an opportunity of reaping the precious fruit of your design. So, let us repeat, when these points are settled strike without delay.
As to "action," as to the scene of action, select personally that point of vantage which seems to absolutely insure success, even though some comrade must necessarily sacrifice himself.
Success, success, success, must be the constant watchword, for there is nothing like the success of an action to inspire an impulse for a new deed. Too great care, therefore, cannot be exercised in the matter of selecting the scene of action. If a sacrifice is necessary, let the comrade remember that his death is a martyrdom to the cause and his memory will be cherished as a patriot. Life at its best is fleeting and full of mystery. What comrade would hesitate to give away his breath for such a glorious moment? But valiant comrades must not sacrifice themselves needlessly, recklessly or foolishly, so it is imperative that all deeds should be done singly whenever practicable or if not by as few a number as possible.
Owing to the failure of a number of "actions" the idea is hereby suggested of poisoned weapons intended to be used for assault. The best suggested is curare, for it is absolutely fatal, whether administered through the agency of a knife or a bullet. It is, however, very high priced. Verdigris is quite effective and inexpensive. All poisons must he prepared immediately before using or they lose their effectiveness and become innocuous.
Should a comrade desire to address an associate in writing, use a fictitious address which should be frequently changed.
Never mention the true name of a confederate, let alone write it.
Never make a communication of a fact which is not necessary for your associate to know.
Cipher letters or messages are not desirable. Cipher is a suspicious method of communication and is very liable to detection. There are several kinds of invisible inks (recipes are here given) which can be read when held before a bright light, but these are so common that the police know them and generally apply all known tests to any suspicious looking blank paper. When communications are written in invisible ink, use the margin of a complete newspaper, which may not arouse suspicion. If a communication of any kind is received, destroy it at once completely by fire.
Never retain anything which may lead to detection of any kind. This rule applies especially to any enterprise directed against representatives of obnoxious institutions or legislative officials.
A deed should never be talked about, but silently pursued.
Avoid the society of all suspected persons, remembering that those who are not with you are against you.
After a deed is designed make no new friends.
In the event of arrest self composure in arrest is absolutely essential.
Only when arrest can be successfully resisted should there be any attempt at it made.
If the authorities who arrest you are of small mental caliber and are in the dark, acting merely upon suspicion, submit quietly.
In an examination by a judge admit nothing except what you know the authorities can positively prove against you, always having in mind your alibi or whatever defense is proposed.
When all means of defense are exhausted, then let the prisoner defend his deed from the viewpoint of true anarchy and convert the defendant's seat into a speaker's stand.
Keep up hope as long as possible, but when you are irredeemably lost use your respite for the propagation of your principles and meet your punishment, whether death or imprisonment, with the unfaltering calmness of a patriot.
Funds will be furnished. Permanent, public groups of comrades will be formed from time to time. There are many now in existence to serve as a cover for the active workers in the cause. Those permanent groups are the sources from which the necessary pecuniary means are drawn for the continuance of our pledged, inexorable activity.
Comrades engaged in action will be liberally supplied with funds for all occasions. From these permanent groups active, tested men will be recruited for the cause, as excellent opportunity is afforded to study the devotion and stability of members herein.
Cortland Opera House.
MEMORIAL SERVICES
AT THE CORTLAND OPERA HOUSE THURSDAY AFTERNOON.
Addresses by Different Citizens of Cortland Upon Different Phases of the Life of the Late President—Union Prayer Meeting at Congregational Church at 7:30 In the Evening.
Memorial services will be held at the Cortland Opera House for the late President William McKinley at 2 o'clock Thursday afternoon, Sept. 19. There will also be a union prayer meeting that evening at 7:30 o'clock at the Congregational church.
The committee appointed by Mayor Brown to make arrangements for the holding of memorial services Thursday for the late President McKinley met according to the call at Fireman's hall last night at 8 o'clock. The committee consisted of Messrs. Robert Bushby, T. H. Wickwire, J. E. Eggleston, L. J. Fitzgerald, O. U. Kellogg, H. A. Dickinson, S. N. Holden, W. J. Greenman, James Dougherty, H. M. Kellogg, F. E. Smith, F. J. Cheney, G. J. Mager, E. H. Brewer, Hugh Duffey, F. J. Peck and E. D. Blodgett.
The meeting was called to order by the mayor who stated its object. Robert Bushby was chosen chairman, this being especially fitting as he had been one of the presidential electors who cast his ballot for William McKinley for president for his second term. F. J. Peck was made secretary.
Inasmuch as President Roosevelt and Governor Odell had both mentioned in their proclamations the assembling of the people together on Thursday in their accustomed houses of worship the question was raised as to whether this would be done or whether a union memorial service should be held as had been first proposed.
Mayor Brown answered that he had conferred with several of the pastors and they had advised the union service at some public place and had said that if this course were followed they would cooperate in the effort and would then hold a union prayer meeting Thursday evening in one of the churches. Mayor Brown also stated that Wallace & Gilmore, managers of the Cortland Opera House, had offered to contribute the use of the Opera House for the services free of charge, as they are doing in all the other places where they control theatres— Utica, Oswego, Fulton and Corning. It was at once decided to accept the offer and to hold the services there at the hour of the funeral in Canton.
A general discussion as to the character of the meeting followed. The following committees were then appointed by the chairman:
Speakers and Program—C. F. Brown, H. A. Dickinson, L. J. Fitzgerald, A. S. Brown, F. J. Cheney, E. D. Blodgett.
Resolutions—Hugh Duffey, F. J. Peck, T. H. Wickwire, E. H. Brewer.
Decorating—E. M. Santee, S. N. Holden, J. G. Jarvis, Mrs. N. H. Waters, Mrs. Ezra Corwin, Mrs. A. M. Jewett, Mrs. N. H. Gillette, James Dougherty, H. M. Kellogg.
Music—G. O. Bowen, A. E. Darby, A. B. Kingsley.
Overflow Meeting, if required—S. N. Holden, H. M. Kellogg.
The general committee then adjourned to meet again at 8 o'clock this evening to report on work accomplished and to make any further arrangements that may be necessary.
Several of the committees met at once immediately upon the adjournment of the general committee. The committee on speakers decided to have a series of short addresses, taking up different phases of the life of President McKinley rather than to have one long address. The following program was arranged and will be carried out:
The committee on decorations for the public meeting to be held Thursday afternoon held a meeting this morning and decided upon plans and arrangements. The committee requests that all who have black or white material suitable for the occasion and are willing to loan the same, to communicate by telephone or otherwise with S. N. Holden of the committee, who will arrange to call for such material Wednesday afternoon or early Thursday morning.
Opening of Dancing School.
Dillon Bros. will open their dancing and deportment school in Red Men's hall, Oct. 9. All desiring to join the class will leave their names with Stephen and Lawrence Dillon, 51 Pendleton-st. or over 26 Main-st. [Paid ad.]
ACCIDENT AT CANNING FACTORY.
Mrs. Whitmarsh Caught a Finger in a Corn Machine.
While feeding corn into a machine for cutting the kernels from off the ears of corn at the canning factory this forenoon, Mrs. Perry J. Whitmarsh, 26 Park-st., caught a finger of her left hand in the machine, and for a short time she was in danger of losing her hand by having it drawn into the knives. A spur that catches the cobs penetrated the finger and held it before the knives till the machinery could be stopped, and then it took some time to extricate the member. Mrs. Whitmarsh suffered severely from the shock the accident gave her.
It was erroneously reported at noon that Mrs. Whitmarsh's hand had been entirely taken off at the factory, and when this reached her 15-year-old daughter on her way home from school, she fainted.
THOMAS-KINNEY.
Quiet Noon Wedding at the Home of Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Kinney.
At noon today at the home of Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Kinney, of Port Watson-st., Cortland, occurred the marriage of their only daughter, Miss Maude A. Kinney, to Mr. Fred M. Thomas of Rochester. Rev. Robert Clements, pastor of the Presbyterian church, performed the ceremony which took place before a beautiful background of hydrangeas and a shower of white ribbons, smilax and roses. The father gave the bride away, and little Wesley Kinney, the brother of the bride, preceded them with a wedding ring, carried on a tray.
The couple were the recipients of many beautiful and very substantial presents. Each of Mrs. Thomas' girl friends here remembered her with appropriate tokens.
After a wedding dinner, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas took the 2:28 train for a trip to parts unknown. They will return to Rochester and be at home after Oct. 1, at 72 Clinton-ave., South.
BREVITIES.
—New display advertisements today are—McKinney & Doubleday, Reference Library, page 6; Family Liquor Store, Wine, page 6.
—The Y. P. S. C. E. of the First Baptist church will give a reception to Baptist students of the Normal school Wednesday evening at 8 o'clock.
—The first fall meeting of the Fortnightly club will occur tomorrow afternoon at 3:30 o'clock at the home of the Misses White, 58 Port Watson-st.
—The Epworth league of the Homer-ave. M. E. church will hold a reception for Normal students and all who wish to attend it at the church parlors next Saturday night.
—There will be a union memorial prayer meeting Thursday evening at 7:30 o'clock in the Congregational church, instead of the customary prayer meetings in the various churches.
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