 | |
| John Hay. |
 |
| Theodore Roosevelt. |
Cortland Evening Standard, Saturday, Nov. 23, 1901.
OUR MONROE DOCTRINE.
London Paper Suggests That England Endorse It.
OTHER POWERS WOULD FOLLOW.
Significant and Important Suggestion Shows How Much Our Views and Aims Are Respected in England. Praise For Statesmanship of Roosevelt and Hay.
LONDON, Nov. 28.—The most important position in today's edition of The Spectator is occupied by a discussion of a proposal that Great Britain should give its formal adherence to the Monroe doctrine. The Spectator says:
"If America will define the Monroe doctrine, why should we not pledge ourselves not to infringe upon it? When we had acknowledged this doctrine, America might propose it to the rest of the powers for endorsement. If she did, the powers could hardly refuse. If they adhered, their adhesion would be of great use, not to America but to the cause of peace, for it would eliminate a great many of the notable causes of war. If the Monroe doctrine became part of the public law of the civilized world, the risk of a war breaking out with regard to European interference in Brazil or Spanish America, now always a possibility, would then pass away.
"Possibly no other power but Great Britain would at first be willing to recognize the Monroe doctrine as binding. Even so, it would be worth our while to pledge ourselves to respect it for we never mean to attack that doctrine and sooner or later our example will probably be followed by other powers."
The Spectator also approves the canal and in another article on Secretary Hay's foreign policy the paper says: "No country in the world can show two greater or worthier statesmen than President Roosevelt and Secretary Hay."
LIBERALS AT PANAMA.
General Lugo, With Force of 1,600, 12 Miles From City.
HAVE GAINED MANY RECRUITS.
Attack on the City Expected at Any Time. Unconfirmed Report Has It That Bonaventura Has Been Taken by Liberals—Traffic Is Still Clear.
MEXICO CITY, Nov. 23.—General Ospina, late minister of war of Colombia, says that in all probability matters will be arranged whereby General Reyes will return to accept the presidency of Colombia. General Reyes last night received a cablegram from Marroquin saying that he intended to resign and asking General Reyes to assume the office.
COLON, Nov. 23.—The latest news obtainable here is to the effect that the Liberal, General Lugo, has arrived at Empire station, distant about 12 miles from Panama, with a force said to number 1,600 men. The Liberals are gaining and arming many recruits along the entire length of the railroad and now control the line up to within a point two miles from Panama.
An attack on that city is expected momentarily and much uneasiness is felt there. The Liberal leader, Domingo Diaz, is expected shortly to arrive at Colon.
It is rumored here that Bonaventura, a Colombian port on the Pacific coast, about 400 miles south of Panama, has been taken by the Liberals. A confirmation of this report is lacking.
Marines from the gunboat Machias still guard the station and property of the railroad here.
The battleship Iowa will land forces at Panama when the necessity arises.
The Liberals here have already given notice that the ad valorem duty on goods disembarked at Colon will henceforth be 10 per cent, not 20 per cent, as formerly. All the stores in Colon are open and business has been resumed.
The Colombian gunboat General Pinzon is believed to be along the coast somewhere near Colon, as when she left here she was short of coal.
Transit across the isthmus is still free and uninterrupted.
Battle at Chorrera.
NEW YORK, Nov. 23.—Consul General Arthuro D. Brigard of Colombia received a cablegram yesterday from General Carlos Alban, governor of the department of Panama. The cable stated that General Alban was to attack the insurgents under General Domingo Diaz yesterday at Chorrera and Alban promised, if successful in routing them, to proceed to Colon and retake the city. The consul general regards the outcome of this fight as highly important. If General Diaz should conquer, the entire isthmus will be in the hands of the Liberal insurgent party.
 |
| Gas well at Cincinnatus, N. Y. |
THE CINCINNATUS, N. Y., GAS WELL.
Now Down 1,400 Feet and Still Descending—No Developments.
Mr. Lewis Nusbaum who is sinking the Cincinnatus well with the expectation of finding either natural gas or oil is in Cortland today. Mr. Nusbaum reports that the well is now 1,400 feet deep. Nothing of importance has yet been struck, but the driller is not disappointed in the least, as he has been of the opinion all along that the depth of at least 1,800 feet would have to be reached before finding what is eagerly sought.
REMARKABLY FINE LECTURE
By J. J. Lewis upon "Old New England"—Superb Pictures.
If those who did not hear J. J. Lewis give his illustrated lecture at the Universalist church last night upon "Old New England" could know what they missed they would not soon cease to regret their absence. Certainly those who were there will long hold this evening in remembrance as one of the most enjoyable in their recollection. Mr. Lewis is a most delightful speaker. He is a keen observer of people and places. He knows how to tell what he has seen. He has the happy faculty of putting things in a striking way. He makes plain facts interesting. He throws in a bit of humor at the right time. His voice is pleasant and on listens and listens and does not realize the flight of time. He has spent much time in securing photographs of New England, and he has over a thousand stereopticon slides made from these photographs and from this number he selected 130 views for the lecture last night. He prefaced the exhibition of the views by a short talk upon colonial and revolutionary New England, in the course of which he set forth the difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans in a way which because of the simile used can never be forgotten by those who heard. Then, as if to connect the Empire State audience with those colonial days, he began the views by exhibiting two of the palatial steamers of the Fall river line, the Pilgrim at her wharf in New York, and the Puritan just rounding the Battery and turning into East river for the trip down the sound. Many views of Boston and its suburbs were shown; the old North church, the old South church, the old state house, Faneuil hall, the homes of some of the most famous authors, views in Salem, in Concord and Lexington. Then passing from the colonial and revolutionary scenes there were shown some of the choicest views in the White Mountains, the Green Mountains and the lake regions of Vermont and New Hampshire. Mr. Lewis has a very superior lantern and his views are simply superb. The scenes were well chosen and the majority of the slides were colored. Some of the views of autumn foliage contrasting with the snowy peak of Mt. Washington were beautiful in the highest degree. Indeed to one who had not seen that New England foliage in all its October glory the pictures would seem to be almost exaggerated in their brilliancy, but they were very true to life.
Mr. Lewis gave a fine lecture here last winter in the Normal [school] course upon the "Passion Play." It is understood that he has many others of these travel lectures, and it might be earnestly wished that he could be heard here again. To hear him and to see his pictures is a treat.
CHICAGO STOCK YARDS.
A BUSTLING BEE HIVE OF BUSY PEOPLE AND ANIMALS.
Interesting Letter from James Walsh Who is Night Surgeon for Swift & Co.—Relates Many Facts That Have Come to His Personal Knowledge—A Mile of Territory With 30,000 People At Work—Rapidity of the Slaughter—The Process—Use of By-products—The Surgeon's Experience.
Mr. James Walsh [pdf, scroll down to pages 63, 64—CC ed.] of Cortland, who is now doing his third year's work in Hering Medical college in Chicago, has been so fortunate this year as to secure the position of night surgeon for Swift & Co. at the Union stock yards. He goes on duty at 5 o'clock each night and remains till 7:30 o'clock next morning. He has fine quarters at the company's office and is able to pursue his studies by day in the college without interruption. Meanwhile he is getting much valuable practice and experience in his profession. Any accident or wound among any of the company's employees is promptly cared for by the surgeon in charge. Only the most proficient students in the college are selected for these positions and a very satisfactory salary accompanies the appointment.
When Mr. Walsh started for Chicago early in October to resume his studies for the year and to accept this position which had been offered to him by mail The STANDARD asked him to write a letter now and then, as he had opportunity, telling his friends in this vicinity something about his position and about the stock yards. The following letter has just come and will be read with deep interest by all.
To the Editor of The Standard:
SIR—It has occurred to me that it might be of interest to your readers to learn a few facts relating to the greatest meat producing center of the world, namely, the world renowned stock yards of Chicago, and the processes by which the live stock is transformed into the table delicacies enjoyed by nearly every household in the land.
The stock yards district is limited on the north side by 39th-st., on the south by 47th-st., on the east by Halstead-st. and on the west by Ashland-ave., comprising a total area of 610 acres. Within this area are included the manufacturing plants of Swift & Co., Armour & Co., Nelson Morris & Co., Libby, McNeil & Libby and several other plants of lesser capacity. All within this area is the property of the Union stock yards and Transit Co., which consists of the cattle yards proper and the pens for the different animals shipped in for slaughter. It is a common center for all cattle, sheep and hogs which are destined for slaughter at the different manufacturing plants. Here it is that all cattle, sheep and hogs are bought and sold. All of this traffic is done through regularly authorized commission houses. For instance, a farmer or drover who ships in a load of cattle for sale must conduct the transaction through these commission men and all of the big plants secure nearly all of their material through the same agency. These commission men are expert judges of cattle. By inspection they are able to judge very closely the quality of the meat, also the weight within a few pounds. This department each day, particularly in the morning presents a remarkably busy scene. The different pens are filled with cattle, sheep and hogs and numberless men on horseback are galloping hither and thither among the different pens. These are the commission men buying and selling. To the unsophisticated the scene is one of utter confusion and one is kept constantly dodging teams, men on horseback, cattle, etc., and breathes a sigh of relief when he emerges from the place. Occasionally one sees a strikingly rustic picture in an old woman who is energetically driving a cadaverous looking cow through the street; at other times one may see the husband leading his only cow by a rope while his wife is behind whacking the animal over the flanks to expedite their progress through the confusing mass. The cow is brought in for sale. One cow or 1,000 are brought in this way.
Between twenty-five and thirty thousand persons are employed in this square mile of territory which supplies the largest amount of meat for the world's consumption. The following are some statistics, compiled from the books of Swift & Co., showing the volume of business done by this firm alone. The company is capitalized at $20,000,000. The president is Mr. Geo. F. Swift, the founder of the company. There are 3,240 stockholders made up largely of business associates and employees and these are constantly increasing in number. The increase and progress of the concern is understood from the fact that on Dec. 1, 1886, the capital was $3,000,000 with 109 stockholders. The company owns 6,000 railroad cars. They maintain manufacturing plants in five cities other than Chicago, viz: Kansas City, St Louis, Omaha, St. Joseph and St. Paul. The total buildings for the six plants cover seventy-five and three-quarters acres of which the Chicago plant has forty-four and one-half acres. The total sale for the year 1900 exceeded $170,000,000 and the shipments for the same period were 115,849 car loads. During the same year they manufactured the following by-products:
Refrigeration next to live stock is the most important element in the conduct of the packing business. The refrigerating machines in the six plants have a total daily capacity of 5,450 tons of ice, of which the Chicago plant has 1,600 tons. The storage capacity in the six plants is 17,000 cattle, 17,400 sheep, 61,200 hogs. Sixty-six special or private policemen protect the Chicago plant. The Chicago general office contains 685 employees. A restaurant, barber shop and reading room are provided for these employees. The Chicago plant alone employs 7,000 men. The total men, women, girls and boys employed in the six plants is 18,778 and the average weekly pay roll is $211,252.50.
The above are a few facts relative to the physical and commercial conditions of this great concern. Now when we consider that Armour & Co. has a capacity equally as large, Nelson Morris somewhat less and the smaller concerns aggregating nearly as much more, we can perceive the extent and importance of this square mile from a commercial and economic standpoint.
In the manufacture of the different products care is taken that no part of the animal is wasted, even the undigested food in the stomach of the ruminating animals is pressed out, dried and used for fuel. All the products that ordinarily would be considered as waste go to the manufacture of fertilizer. The bones are made into buttons, knife handles, etc.; hoofs and horns into glue and fertilizer. It is related that some years ago before the manufacturers realized the commercial value of the waste products, a large amount of wastes were carried off by a sewer provided especially for the purpose. This sewer ran through the property of a man who was wide awake and of a scientific turn of mind. He collected the grease and other products in catch basins and manufactured them into fertilizers and this made himself a multimillionaire. So we see that there is no part of the animal from which profit is not derived.
In the hog killing houses, the surroundings, atmosphere and noise of the squealing animals as they are hauled up on the relentless wheel to their death is a sight which I doubt not the average citizen of Cortland would not care to dwell upon for any length of time, particularly on his first visit. The killing is done very rapidly. I recently dressed a wound in one of the hog killers or "stickers," as they are called, who informed me that he alone has killed 8,000 hogs in one day. These men are very dexterous. A quick jab, the great vessels are opened, and the animal bleeds to death almost instantly.
In the cattle killing department the animal is first knocked in the head at a point midway between the horns on the upper surface. It then rolls out on the floor, is quickly hoisted by the hind feet and the throat cut. Occasionally the bullock may be partially stunned only by the blow and when he is rolled out on the floor gets up and makes a mad rush to get away. Instantly there is a lively scattering of the workmen to escape the crazed beast who at times creates a good deal of havoc before he is finally shot. On two days in each week cattle for the consumption of the Orthodox Jews are killed by the Rabbi and his assistants. This meat is branded to distinguish it.
All of the departments in which the meats are prepared for the market, such as the cutting and dressing rooms, rooms in which the sausage is made, etc., are kept scrupulously clean. They are scrubbed every night. From the entrance of the animals to the stock yards until the departure of the dressed product in the refrigerator cars, everything is under the supervision of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, a department of the government under the control of the secretary of agriculture. This bureau consists of a large number of educated veterinary surgeons and trained women microscopists who inspect every animal "on the hoof," as it is called, and re-inspect the meat of that animal during the several processes of dressing. This government inspection is a guaranty that all of the products are pure and wholesome and free from disease.
Swift & Co. have established and maintain a dispensary and surgical department where all injuries to employees are treated free of cost. This department has a day and night surgeon, who sleeps on the plant. This department consists of an outer office or reception room where a stenographer makes the necessary records of all accidents. Opening out of this room is the operating room which is equipped with all of the modern scientific appliances requisite in the practice of aseptic surgery. As much care and skill is used in the treatment of wounds and fractures as may be found in any modern up to date hospital. The lowest employee is treated with as much consideration when he enters the surgeon's office and is given as skillful attention as the highest. This is a great boon to the employees as, were their wounds not treated promptly and skillfully, many cases of serious infection would otherwise occur even from the most trifling wounds, on account of the prevalence of so much septic material in certain departments. The wounds, slight and grave, cared for average besides the re-dressings twenty-five each day. Last fall during the epidemic of small pox in this city, Swift & Co. vaccinated all of their employees free of charge. This was done by the surgeon and his assistants and the records show that 6,431 persons were vaccinated in five days. A very fine ambulance is also maintained by the company for the removal of the severe cases to the home or hospital.
A trip to Chicago is incomplete without a visit to the stockyards. Visitors are welcomed by all of the manufacturers and guides are provided to conduct them through the plant. Everything is open to inspection. Even the most thoughtless will here find food for thought in the diversified conditions which are presented to his perceptions.
JAMES WALSH, Chicago, Nov. 18, 1901.
BREVITIES.
—Tuesday, Nov. 26, will be Patrons' day at the Schermerhorn-st. school and a special program has been arranged for from 3 to 5 o'clock.
—New display advertisements today are—W. J. Perkins, Cough syrup, page 8; Bosworth & Stillman, Truthful Little Talks, No. 2, page 8; F. Daehler, Clothing, page 6.
—The collection tomorrow morning at the Congregational church will be a special one and will be for the Foreign Missionary society in support of the missionary in Turkey which this church is maintaining.
—Rev. G. H. Brigham will preach at the Memorial Baptist church tomorrow morning and Rev. E. J. Noble of McGraw in the evening. The pastor, Rev. Geo. E. T. Stevenson, is in Schenectady, where he is to be married next Wednesday.
—The union Thanksgiving services this year will be held in the Congregational church at 7:30 P. M. instead of at 11 A. M. as formerly. The sermon will be by Rev. Robert Clements, pastor of the Presbyterian church. The program of exercises which will include special music by the choir will be published later.
—The order of services at the Y. M. C. A. tomorrow is somewhat changed. At 3 o'clock the class in Greek Testament taught by Prof. F. R. Parker will meet. The men's meeting will be at 4 o'clock and will be addressed by Physical Director Stacy Betzler. The Men's Bible class which has heretofore met at 4:30 will come together tomorrow at the close of the men's meeting and will decide then upon the time for holding its regular meetings.
No comments:
Post a Comment