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| Edwin Hurd Conger. |
Cortland Evening Standard, Friday, October 9, 1903.
COMMERCIAL TREATY.
Signed at Shanghai For United States and China.
TWO MANCHURIAN PORTS OPEN.
Russian Assurance That Treaty Will Be Binding—China Agrees to Abolish Linkin Tax and United States Agrees to Pay Surtax on Imports—Concessions to Missionaries.
Washington, Oct. 9.—The state department was informed that the American-Chinese commercial treaty has been signed at Shanghai. The cablegram announcing the signing of the treaty was sent from Shanghai and was signed by Minister Conger, Consul General Goodnow and Mr. Seaman, the three commissioners who negotiated the instrument.
An imperial decree by the Chinese government has made the treaty effective so far as the government is concerned, but it must be ratified by the senate of the United States before ratifications can be exchanged and the treaty put in operation.
Great satisfaction is expressed at the state department at the outcome, as it makes certain that the two ports in Manchuria will be opened to the United States no matter what the outcome as to the negotiations for the evacuation of that country by Russia may be.
The assurance that Russia has previously given, and to which this government would insist upon adherence, is that the treaty arrangements made with China covering Manchurian ports will be binding upon the Russian government.
The principal points of the treaty are, briefly, as follows:
First—Settlement of the long vexed question of internal taxation in China.
Second—Recognition of Americans' right of residence throughout the empire for missionary work.
Third—Protection of patents, trademarks and copyrights.
Fourth—Mining rights.
Fifth—Opening of new localities to international trade in the part of the empire in which the United States has vast commercial interests.
Sixth—Right to carry on trade, industries and manufactures in all open ports of China.
The negotiations between China and the United States were initiated under the provisions of the final protocol signed by the powers at Pekin, Sept. 7, 1901, terminating the anti-foreign outbreak of the preceding year.
Article 4 is the most important of the treaty. By it the Chinese government, recognizing that the present system of levying dues upon goods in transit, and especially the system of taxation known as likin, impedes the free circulation of commodities to the general injury of trade, undertakes after the ratification of the treaty and at a date to be mutually agreed upon to abandon the levy of likin and other transit dues throughout the empire and to abolish all the barriers and tax stations maintained for their collection.
The United States in consideration of this change agrees, if all other powers having treaties with China do likewise, to pay at the port of entry on all its imports into China a surtax of 1 1/2 times the tariff import duty. By this payment they shall secure complete immunity from all other taxation whatsoever within the empire.
By article 7 the Chinese government agrees, within a year, to conclude the revision of its mining regulations so that citizens of the United States may be able to carry on in Chinese territory mining operations and other necessary business connected therewith.
Article 14 insures Christian natives the free exercise of their religion. To the missionaries it secures what they have sought for years, a recognition of their right to rent and lease in perpetuity such property as their societies may need in all parts of the empire.
At the request of the Chinese government an article has been incorporated in the treaty by which the United States consents to the prohibition of the importation into China of morphia and of instruments for its injection.
Another article of the treaty provides for the opening to international trade of the cities of Mukden and Antung, the first the capital of the Manchurian province of Sheng Ching and the latter a port on the Yalu river.
DISPUTED TERRITORY.
Closing Argument Before the Boundary Commission.
NO CLAIM BY CANADA UNTIL 1898.
Unquestioned Occupation by American Naval and Military Officers in 1867. Mr. Dickinson Said Tribunal Would Miscarry Unless One Member Should Decide Against His People.
London, Oct. 9.—Mr. Dickinson took up the question of American military and fiscal occupation of the disputed territory and quoted many reports of American naval and military officers anent the formal taking over of the territory and governing the natives, all of which were for many years available, through the official papers published at Washington, to the British ambassador.
"There is no concealment," counsel continued; "everything is above board; but Great Britain never protested against or questioned the actions."
Dealing with the dispatch of Ambassador Choate to Lord Lansdowne which Attorney General Finley quoted as evidence against the American claim, Mr. Dickinson said he only wished he had Mr. Choate before the tribunal, so that he could explain how the attorney general had misinterpreted the meaning of the dispatch.
"I submit," declared Mr. Dickinson, "that all these acts of the unquestioned occupation in 1867 cannot and must not be dismissed as worthless, as British counsel contend. I submit that British acquiescence in these acts can only be taken as favoring our interpretation of the treaty."
The closing moments were marked by intensity of interest hitherto lacking in the proceedings. As Mr. Dickinson finished his argument and commenced his reference to international relations and the possible effect of the verdict thereon, the members of the tribunal and the other listeners appeared to grasp the true import of the proceedings which had almost been lost sight of in the puzzling technical details in which they had been shrouded.
"The tribunal," declared Mr. Dickinson, "is unique and the treaty will entirely miscarry unless at least one member shall decide against the contention of his own people. The faith thus manifested by the governments of Great Britain and America that judgment and justice will be exalted above the plane where the sympathies that move men have sway, challenges the attention of mankind and distinguishes this tribunal above all others. It does not follow that a failure to reach a decision will show that such faith was in any degree misplaced; but if a settlement is reached it will be a triumphant epoch in history, the struggle of humanitarian principles for the substitution of something better than war as the sole court determining international differences. What would give higher inspiration to those laboring for the peace of the world than the settlement of these issues so pregnant of possibilities? If the tribunal should render judgment practically unanimous it would be the strongest assurance yet given to humanity that the Christian nations are tending toward the only practical realization of the poet's dream of a parliament of nations and a confederation of the world."
Mr. Dickinson also paid a tribute to opposing counsel and Chief Justice Alverstone's fairness.
Lord Alverstone said he had heard many leaders of the American bar speak in arbitration and other cases, but Mr. Dickinson's argument equaled anything he had ever heard and he had not suffered by the fairness and impartiality with which he had presented his arguments.
SPAIN IS BITTER
And American Warships Will Not be Welcome.
Madrid, Oct. 9.—Tbe newspapers of this city are filled with indignant comments over the news that a fleet of American warships is to visit Spanish ports and be accorded an official reception. The newspapers say that German warships did not visit French ports until thirty-three years after the fall of Sudan, while the United States dares to send a fleet to Spain within five years after the fall of Santiago, and King Alfonso's government would be pusillanimous enough to feast the visiting Americans. El Pais is especially bitter in its comments on the proposed visit. It prints a letter from an officer in the Spanish army in which he says that Spaniards will never forget or forgive their humiliations at the hands of the Americans. El Pais fears that hostile demonstrations will be made against the American warships when they enter Spanish waters.
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| Charles Wickwire. |
PAGE FOUR—EDITORIAL.
The Candidates for Aldermen.
Republican caucuses were held in three wards of the city last night and nominations were made for the office of alderman, this being the only municipal office to be filled this fall.
In the First ward the nominee is Alfred Ketchum, one of the solid men of the district. Mr. Ketchum has been a resident of Cortland for nineteen years and is a carpenter by trade, though since coming to this place be has directed his trade along special lines, having been an employee of the car shops until within a short time and since then being employed at the Cortland Forging works. He has never held political office of any [place], but is recognized by all as a conservative man of stability, integrity, and excellent judgment. He would be a safe man to follow and would add material strength to the common council.
Charles C. Wickwire, the nominee in the Third ward, is a representative of the younger element in the party. He was born and has been brought up here in Cortland and is known to every one as the elder son of the senior member of the firm of Wickwire Brothers and the son-in-law of Hon. L. J. Fitzgerald, president of the Cortland Wagon Co., and a former state treasurer. After completing his course at Phillips academy, Andover, Mass., and entering Princeton university he decided to come home at once to engage actively in the wire business which is so prominent an industry in this city. He determined to learn everything there was to be known about wire, and has studied every phase of its manufacture. He has himself developed considerable mechanical skill and has already given evidence of being a careful business man and has come to occupy a responsible place with the company. In his own business he has been taught that no detail is too insignificant to be considered, and it is believed that he would carry those same traits of character and business habits into the affairs of the city. He is thoroughly respected by every one, is genial and popular and will undoubtedly poll the full vote of his party in that ward.
Robert S. Pettigrew, the nominee in the Fifth ward, has already served two terms in that office and adds the valuable element of experience to the other qualifications which fit him for the place. His record as a public official is well known. He understands the needs of his ward, and the large majorities which have attended his candidacy in previous years have given evidence of the fact that he is both popular and is approved by the voters of his district. There is no reason to believe that he will not this year roll up as large a majority as in the past.
From every point of view the municipal ticket is a strong one. Its opponents have let it be understood that they will put forth every effort to carry one or more of these wards for the sake of the general effect it will have upon next year. It, therefore, behooves every Republican to stand by his guns, both because of the general excellence of the ticket and also for the same reason the Democrats advance, for the general effect upon next year.
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| Stone Opera House. |
FIRE IN BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
Stone Opera House Almost Wholly Destroyed Loss Will Reach $125,000.
Binghamton last night had the largest fire it had experienced in years. Stone opera house was almost entirely destroyed and the loss is estimated at $125,000. Flames were discovered on one end of the stage at 1 o'clock, a half hour after the stage hands had left the place having finished removing scenery for the Paul Gilmore Co. It is believed that it proceeded from a match or a lighted cigarette that had been thrown down among inflammable materials. Before the firemen, two doors away, could get there the whole stage was on fire and so fierce were the flames that the firemen could not get forward of the rear row of seats in the house. The whole fire department was called out and both steamers were used as well as the hose attached directly to the city's hydrants.
A Memory of Old Days.
J. B. Hunt has found among the old papers belonging to his mother an invitation that will perhaps recall the old days to some of the older residents of Cortland. The invitation reads: "Cotillion Party. The company of Miss Wealthy Birdsall is solicited at the saloon of the Cortland House on Wednesday, the 26th inst. at 2 o'clock in the afternoon. Timothy C. Smith, Darius Sanders, Benj. L. Cheney, Lyman Blair, managers. Cortland village, Feb, 14, 1835."
Mr. Hunt says his mother was at that time living in Otego, Otsego Co., and he heard her say that she drove to Cortland that winter to accept that invitation.
THE KING'S DAUGHTERS.
More Accommodations Needed for the Expected Delegates.
At the meeting of the The King's Daughters held Tuesday afternoon the members discussed and, so far as possible, perfected plans for the coming convention. There was found to be an insufficient number of places provided for the entertainment of the delegates and visiting members and this will necessitate further effort to secure them The local circle felt both pleased and honored by the acceptance by the state organization of their invitation to hold the convention for 1903 in Cortland, and in having its most interesting sessions brought to their very doors.
But their numbers are comparatively few, and they must look to those not members of the order for assistance, and co-operation in making the convention a success and a credit to our city.
If there are any who have not been solicited who will contribute to the necessary entertainment by furnishing lodging, meals or money, if they will kindly notify Mrs. E. L. Nottingham, 32 Fitz-ave., Mrs. S. S. Stearns, 4 Stevenson-st., Phone 632B; or Mrs. J. E. Hyatt, 182 South Main-st., Phone 440; their assistance will be gratefully received and warmly appreciated.
W. C. T. U. RALLY
To be Held at the Rooms on Tuesday Afternoon.
The annual rally of the W. C. T. U. will be held at the rooms on Tuesday afternoon, Oct. 13, at 2:45 o'clock. The program of special interest has been arranged. A prayer service will be conducted by Rev. J. C. Auringer. There will be a roll call of members and a report of the delegates to the state convention held at Stamford, N. Y. A cordial invitation is extended to all.
SCIENCE CLUB.
Lecture by Dr. F. D. Reese on Toxins and Anti-Toxins.
A lecture by one of the leading physicians of the city on a professional subject like "Toxins and Anti-Toxins," would naturally be more or less Greek to the average layman, but Dr. Reese analyzed the subject so clearly that it was a matter of much interest and instruction to the members of the club.
The doctor said: If we examine the anatomy of the human system through the microscope, we will find that the body is composed of an aggregation of cells. It must be understood that each one of these cells, which is seen, is as complete an organism as the body itself. Groups of cells constitute the various organs, each organ having its special functions, the healthy performance of which is necessary to the well being of the whole.
Disease is the result of impaired or perverted cell action. The human body is at times invaded by foreign cells, called bacteria. The products which the bacteria elaborate may be and are detrimental to healthy cell activity. Some of these products are called toxins. All diseases are not derived from a bacterial origin, but some are due to toxins generated within the complex cells of the body. There are, therefore, toxins and bacterial toxins.
The doctor discussed bacterial toxins. In diseases like anthrax, cholera, typhoid fever and scarlet fever, the toxins are taken into the general circulation, influencing every part of the body. Other diseases like diphtheria may have a local manifestation with a systemic poisoning. Again we find in diseases of the plague (one grade), the germ in the blood itself, being carried to every part of the system.
The doctor explained the difference between a pathogenic and a toxogenic bacterium. The pathogenic germ is one which induces a specific disease and is marked by more or less characteristic symptoms, and which is always capable of growth in the animal body in which it grows and elaborates its toxin. A toxogenic germ may or may not be able to multiply in the animal body, whereas, it may grow in articles of food, elaborating its toxins before being transferred to the mouth.
Toxins produce two effects in the system by their action upon metabolism.
First, the effect of producing a substance that neutralizes the toxin.
Second, the effect that retards bacterial growth. This substance has been called anti-toxin or alexin.
Immunity from infectious diseases is either natural or acquired. The effect of anti-toxins in the blood is not to kill or destroy bacteria, but to render harmless the corresponding toxin. It is thought by some that the union between the anti-toxins and toxins is a chemical one and these results have been proven by test tube experiments. The best results are obtained by the use of diphtheria antitoxins. Scientists are hopeful of providing anti-toxins for the poisons in pneumonia, typhoid, streptococcus, septicaemia, the plague, tuberculosis and cholera.
The doctor exhibited specimens of bacteria which produce most of the ills to which human flesh is heir. These specimens of bacteria were closely housed between two plates of glass, held by a wooden frame and corked at the bottom to prevent their roaming about the city. As these cholera germs and other equally unfriendly bacilli were passed about for examination, some of those present indicated a little uneasiness, but the doctor assured them that the specimens were all safely housed.
The doctor explained as to the manufacture of anti-toxins for diphtheria from the blood of the horse. The process is accomplished by great care and scientific skill, both in selecting the animal and in the injection of toxins into its veins to produce the desired results in the blood of the horse.
The discussion of the subject took a practical turn as to personal observation and experience which elicited many valuable points.
Dr. Reese has a dream which he hopes to see come true for the benefit of the people of Cortland. The doctor wishes to see a skilled pathologist connected with the Cortland hospital. He believes that this would be a great boon to the health and comfort of the people of this city and would guard us against many of the contagious diseases. He hopes that some philanthropist will provide the money.
BREVITIES.
—An important meeting of the Plumbers' union will be held to-night.
—"Beyond Pardon" is the next attraction booked for the Opera House and its date is Friday, Oct. 16.
—Cortland Commandery, No. 50, Knights Templar, will confer the Order of Temple at its regular conclave this evening at 8 o'clock.
—The big shower that descended on Cortland yesterday morning was not local. At Ithaca the rainfall amounted to 1.03 inches and at Syracuse .78 inches.
—Today is the first day for [voter] registration in the city of Cortland. The registration booths will be open till 9 o'clock to-night. Personal registration is required in the city.
—The new display advertisements to-day are—W. W. Walters, Shoes, page 6; Perkins & Quick, Rose and cucumber jelly, page 8; Mrs. Everts, School hats, etc., page 5; Dr. Charles H. Jones, Modern dentist, page 5; Syracuse Trust Co, Bank accounts, page 8.
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