Cortland Evening Standard, Tuesday, January 10, 1899.
PAGE TWO—EDITORIALS.
Lynchings and Executions.
According to the Chicago Tribune there were 127 lynchings in the United States during 1898. In its list it includes that of a negro at Sherrill, Ark., which took place on Dec. 31, 1897. In it are also included eight negroes killed during the race war at Phoenix, S. C., last November. Some reports make the number as great as twelve. The list omits fourteen negroes killed during a race war at Harperville, Miss., last October, and nine negroes during a race war at Wilmington, N. C., in November. The Tribune's list also omits the following lynchings that were reported by press dispatches to have occurred on the dates mentioned: Ed Chalmers, colored, and his white wife, killed by a mob at Wybark, I. T., on March 19; Amos Wesley, colored, hung for rape at Benton, Ark., on Aug. 17; an unknown negro, lynched for shooting a white woman near Birmingham, Ala., on Sept. 15; John Williams, colored, hung for the attempted murder of a white woman in Antanaga county, Ala., on Nov. 5; Will Gober, colored, hanged near Harmony Grove, Ga., for killing Mayor Ayers of Homer on Nov. 9. Near Moultrie, Ga., on Aug. 13, a sheriff's posse had a fight with a gang of negro gamblers, killing eight of them.
Eliminating all victims of race wars, and we make the total number of victims of lynchings in the United States last year 124, of whom 119 were males and 5 females. The classification by states is as follows: Arkansas, 17; Mississippi, 15; Alabama, 14; Georgia, 13; Louisiana, 10; Kentucky, 7; South Carolina and Tennessee, 6 each; Missouri and Indian territory, 5 each; North Carolina and Virginia, 4 each; Texas and Wyoming. 3 each; Maryland, 2; Oklahoma, Washington, Illinois, Indiana, New Mexico, West Virginia, Florida, Alaska, Kansas and Montana 1 each. The classification of the white victims is as follows: Wyoming and Virginia, 3 each; Indian Territory, North Carolina and Mississippi, 2 each; Washington, Alaska, Georgia, Arkansas, Texas, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Kentucky, Alabama and Indiana, 1 each; total, 23. Two Indians were lynched in the Indian territory. It afterward transpired that they were innocent of the crimes of outrage and murder charged against them. There were 99 negroes lynched.
The alleged crimes for which 124 victims were lynched last year were: Murder 63, attempted murder and murderous assaults 7, suspected murder 5, rape 17, attempted rape 7, complicity in rape 1, theft 5, miscegenation 3, race prejudice 3, unknown causes 3, arson 2, insults 2, mistaken identity 2, and violation of contract, resisting arrest, highway robbery and burglary 1 each. It will thus be seen that the "one crime" the advocates of mob violence claim has to be [expatiated] by lynching in order to protect the home, formed comparatively a small percentage of the offenses committed by the 124 persons who were lawlessly put to death last year. In one-fifth of the cases the offenses were trivial; in several cases the victims are known to have been innocent. The lynching record of 1898, however, gives hope of an increasing respect for law and order by the people, the number of victims being only 124, as against 193 in 1897. Even if the 35 victims of race wars are added the 1898 total would be only 159. Still, as yet, no lyncher has ever been punished.
During 1898 there were 112 legal executions in the United States, as compared with 128 in 1897. Of the victims 63 were white, 48 black and 1 Chinese. There [were] 103 executed for murder and 9 for rape. The victims are classified by states as follows: California, Louisiana and Texas, 10 each; Georgia and Virginia, 8 each; Pennsylvania 7; Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois, 6 each; South Carolina and Massachusetts, 4 each; Alabama, New York and Kentucky, 8 each; Tennessee, Oregon, Minnesota, Connecticut, Ohio, North Carolina, Indian territory, 2 each; Florida, Maryland, Washington and New Jersey, 1 each.
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| Emilio Aguinaldo. |
CLIMAX APPROACHING.
The Filipino Question May Be Solved Peacefully.
ALARMING RUMORS CIRCULATED.
The United States Authorities Taking Every Precaution and General Otis Believes That He Has the Situation Thoroughly In Hand—An Aguinaldo Proclamation.
MANILA, Jan. 10.— The situation is rapidly approaching a climax and it is just possible that 24 hours will see a peaceful solution. Meanwhile all sorts of alarmist rumors are in circulation. The United States authorities are taking every precaution; the troops in quarters are under arms and the Californians have disembarked from the transports.
The natives, it is reported, have been ordered not to work for the Americans and the employees in the commissary department have gone on a strike. Many natives are leaving the city. Major General Otis, however, has the whole situation thoroughly in hand.
A second proclamation by Aguinaldo bearing the same date as the one which immediately followed the proclamation of Major General Otis, based upon President McKinley's instructions, appeared on the streets, but it is alleged to have been recalled. Its terms are much more vehement than those used in the first proclamation. Aguinaldo threatens to drive the Americans from the islands, call the Deity to witness that their blood will be on their own heads if it is shed and details at greater length the promises he claims were made by the Americans as to the part of the insurgents in the campaign.
It is believed that this second proclamation is the original draft, which was not adopted by the Filipino congress at Malolos.
AUSTRIA'S MISTAKE.
She Thought the United States Only a Third Class Power.
LONDON, Jan. 10.—The Vienna correspondent of The Times says:
"The delay on the part of Austria-Hungary in raising the legation at Washington to an embassy has probably been largely due to a financial consideration and to the fact that Austria has had smaller interests in the United States than the other powers. The recent accentuation of American foreign policy has undoubtedly counted for something in the matter.
"Prior to the war the tendency was to regard the United States as incapable of expansion, owing to the impression that their naval resources were insignificant.
"The achievements of the American warships against Spain surprised people, and possibly not very agreeably. The Austrians soon began to realize that they must regard the United States as a great power. A mere legation must, therefore, have appeared as a slight to the United States government, and as nothing of this sort was intended, the decision has finally been taken, which can only be regarded as satisfactory."
NEW YORK BARBERS.
They Favor the Sunday Closing Law and a License.
SYRACUSE, Jan. 10.—The fourth annual convention of the New York Barbers association is in session in this city, 27 delegates representing 23 unions being in attendance.
The most important action was the adoption of a resolution to sustain the action of an Albany member who secured the arrest and conviction of John Stella of that city for violating the Sunday closing law. The member was subsequently arrested for acting as a detective without a state license. The case will be carried to the highest courts.
A fund will also be raised to prevent the repeal of the Sunday closing law and secure the passage of a bill requiring barbers to be licensed. The license bill provides for an examining board consisting of two boss barbers, two journeymen barbers and a practicing physician.
DISCUSSED BEET SUGAR.
M. S. Nye of Preble Tells of His Experience in 1898.
At the farmers' institute yesterday afternoon, Millard S. Nye of Preble read the following interesting paper on the raising of sugar beets in Cortland county, and his experience in the same:
There is no question of agriculture in which our farmers are more interested at the present time than this comparatively new enterprise to us Americans. Conditions have so changed during the past few years that we farmers are obliged to look to other sources than the old lines of staple crops for remunerative returns for labor and use of land, and no time in the history of our country is more opportune than the present for the introduction of the sugar industry.
Our government and state departments have been at work during the past few years to answer the question so often asked—have we the soil and climate to successfully grow sugar beets? From careful experiments the answer comes clear and positive that New York state has the conditions necessary to the production of all the sugar we consume. The growing of sugar beets opens a wide door and admits us to a field so large that we need not fear overproduction or a flooded market for some time to come.
The past year, from fifteen acres of sugar beets grown in Cortland county, the average tons raised per acre is 14 1/2. Twenty-three reports handed in to Cornell university averaged 14.45 tons per acre, average cost per acre for labor, $41.17. Ten years' crop in California, 60,000 acres, averaged eleven tons per acre.
So I think we have done well in this locality for the first year. I raised one acre of sugar beets the past year. The agent came to see me after I had finished plowing, so I had no place suitable except a piece of clover sod, top dressed with stable manure in the winter and plowed 8 inches deep in the spring. The piece of ground was level and free from stone. The soil was loam with some black muck. I drilled in the seed with a grain drill the 18th of May. The rows were 21 inches apart. I used 400 pounds of sugar beet fertilizer. I kept an account of all labor done in raising the beets and caring for them. It cost $40. I weighed the beets as we drew them to the [railroad] car. They weighed 15 tons and 1,760 pounds. The dockage at Binghamton was two tons and 904 pounds, which leaves thirteen tons and 856 pounds, at $5 per ton amounting to $67.14. The cost of raising and fertilizer and seed amounted to $48.30, which deducted from $67.14, leaves $18.84. The use of an acre of good land, I think, is worth $15. Take that from $18.84, leaves $3.84, and after paying all expenses I had the tops of the beets left. These I fed to twenty-six head of cattle, gave them two good feeds a day for two weeks. I think they were worth $10.
If I raise sugar beets in the future, I shall put in the seed about May 1 with a hand drill in rows 21 inches apart on stubble ground after cabbage or corn, and plowed from 10 to 12 inches deep, and when the plants are 2 or 3 inches high, thin, and have plants 8 inches apart in the row, cultivated until the beets cover the ground.
Last night's session of the institute was attended by quite a number of towns people. It was conducted by Mr. A. R Eastman of Waterville, who conducted a very interesting question box upon timely topics. Frank Connell of DeRuyter spoke entertainingly of "That Hired Man," and "Feeding the Farmer's Family," was the basis of very instructive and appropriate remarks by Mr. James E. Rice of Yorktown. Miss Rosamond Robinson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Robinson of Cortland, rendered a recitation in a nice manner.
This morning Mr. Eastman conducted a question box, and was followed by Mr. Converse on "The Fertility Problem." Mr. Converse argued in favor of keeping on the farm all the stock it would sustain, and using every bit of the manure, both solid and liquid, spreading it on the land directly from the stable.
VITAL STATISTICS.
RECORD OF CORTLAND VILLAGE FOR THE YEAR 1898.
Taken from the Official Reports Filed with Health Officer E. A. Didama—Births 155, Males 88, Females 67—Deaths 126—Marriages 66.
The following is the list of births and deaths which occurred in Cortland village during the year 1898, as filed with Health Officer E. A. Didama. The total number of births was 155, of which 88 were males and 67 females. There were 126 deaths during the year and 66 marriages were recorded.
A comparison with the last three years shows the following:
The Kennedy Players.
As clever an aggregation of connected with a repertoire company as ever appeared in Cortland, opened a week's engagement at the Opera House last night. The company is known as the Kennedy Players, and the exhibition put on the boards last night was considered by competent critics to be above the average. Some pleasing specialties were introduced. To-night "Hand of Fate" will be presented. Popular prices.
BREVITIES.
—Don't fail to take note of the fact that there is to-day local matter on the third page.
—The Kindergarten association will meet Thursday afternoon at 3 o'clock in the Normal kindergarten.
—The annual election of officers of the Excelsior Hook & Ladder company will take place to-morrow evening.
—All who have not yet paid their taxes should bear in mind that Saturday, Jan. 11, is the last day upon which they can be paid at 1 per cent collector's fee, and it should also be remembered that the bank closes at noon on Saturday.
—A man to-day reported in The STANDARD office that he had sold his crop of cabbage for $12 per ton, and that after the sale was made he received an offer of $14 per ton for the lot. Those who held on to their cabbage this year were the gainers.
—New display advertisements to-day are—A. O. Tennant, Thermal Bath Cabinet, page 6; M. A. Case, Bargains in Cloaks, page 6; Derr Fritz, The Healer is Here, page 5; Glann & Clark, Quality Tells, page 6; P. McCarthy & Sons, Closing Out Crockery Dept., page 6.
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