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| William W. Grout. |
Cortland Evening Standard, Saturday, December 8, 1900.
OLEOMARGARINE BILL.
Grout's Measure Passes the House Without Amendment.
IMITATION BUTTER TAX RAISED.
Bill Has For Its Object the Prevention of Fraud Upon the Public and Gives Each State Full Power to Deal With the Matter—In the Senate.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 8.—The house yesterday passed the Grout oleomargarine bill by a vote of 196 to 92. The substitute offered by the minority of the committee on agriculture which imposed additional restrictions on the sale of oleomargarine to prevent its fraudulent sale as butter and increased the penalties for violators was defeated by a vote of 113 to 178.
The bill as passed makes all articles known as oleomargarine, butterine, imitation butter or imitation cheese transported into any state or territory for consumption or sale subject to the police power of such state or territory, but prevents any state or territory forbidding the transportation or sale of such product when produced and sold free from coloring in imitation.
The bill increases the tax on oleomargarine colored in imitation of butter from 2 to 10 cents per pound and decreases the tax on oleomargarine uncolored from 2 cents to one-quarter of a cent per pound.
A long and interesting debate preceded the vote in the course of which those who favored the Grout bill claimed the additional tax on colored oleomargarine was the only effective remedy for preventing fraud upon the public, while those who opposed it contended that fraud would be prevented by the substitution and that the real purpose of the Grout bill was to destroy the oleomargarine industry.
Those who participated in the debate were Messrs. Henry, Grout, Lamb, Davidson and Tawney in favor of the bill, and Messsrs. Wadsworth, Lorimer, Bailey, Grosvenor, Williams and Foster against it.
Mr. Wadsworth charged that the purpose of the supporters of the Grout bill was to destroy the manufacture of oleomargarine, not to regulate its sale. The bill prepared by the minority, he said, would eliminate all possibility of fraud. At this point Mr. Grout, the author of the bill, took the floor and declared that the purpose of the bill, in which every man, woman and child was interested, was to suppress fraud in the sale of a food product by preventing the coloring of oleomargarine in imitation of butter. Over 104,000,000 pounds of oleomargarine had been manufactured and sold last year. That was about one-ninth of the total butter consumption of the United States.
"Do you not think that the enactment of the substitute would prevent fraud in the sale of oleomargarine?" asked Mr. Burke.
"I do not," replied Mr. Grout. "The public would have no more protection than it has now."
Practical Illustration.
Mr. Grout produced figures to show that oleomargarine cost less than 9 cents per pound and was worked off on the public by the retailer at from 18 to 30 cents per pound. He gave a practical illustration of the manner in which oleomargarine was sold by having brought into the house a box full of packages of what looked like butter. Each was wrapped in brown wrapping paper. The packages were passed around and after they had been examined Mr. Grout defied any one to tell whether they contained butter or oleomargarine. Then he turned up a corner of the wrapping paper which had been apparently carelessly folded down and displayed the printed sign "oleomargarine."
Mr. Lorimer made a vigorous speech in opposition to the bill. He also gave a practical illustration of the sale of oleomargarine under the existing law, under the Grout bill and under the minority substitute.
Mr. Grout interrupted to ask how it would be possible to color oleomargarine under his bill and sell it for butter.
Mr. Lorimer replied that the 10 cent tax would be an additional incentive to people desiring to commit fraud by coloring the oleomargarine.
Mr. Bartlett moved to strike out the provision that nothing in the bill should be construed to permit any state to forbid the manufacture or sale of oleomargarine in such form as would advise the consumer of its real character, free from coloration.
The amendment was lost—18 to 117.
An amendment was adopted providing that the act should go into effect July 1, 1901.
Mr. Bailey closed the debate against the bill. He contended that the pretense of the bill—that it was to prevent fraud—was itself a fraud.
Mr. Wadsworth, on behalf of the minority of the committee, then offered the substitute prepared by the minority. The veto was first taken on the substitute.
The substitute was defeated—113 to 178. The bill was then passed—196 to 92.
Mr. Payne, chairman of the ways and means committee, reported the war revenue reduction bill. He gave notice that he would call up the bill after the disposition of the legislative appropriation bill, probably on Tuesday. On account of the centennial exercises in the house on Wednesday it was agreed that the session on that day should begin at 3:15. The house then adjourned.
Senate In Executive Session.
WASHINGTON, Dec. 8.—No business of importance was transacted by the senate yesterday in open session. Practically the entire legislative day was consumed by an executive session.
Another Chinaman Caught.
NEW YORK, Dec. 8.—United States Commissioner Shields received word yesterday from the Grand Central depot to the effect that a Chinaman was held a prisoner on the charge of violating the exclusion act. The Chinaman is believed to be a companion of the two arrested in Buffalo. The one taken here is named Jung Poon. He claims to be a California Chinaman who has been in Canada on business. He is held in bail until Dec. 17 for further examination.
The Study of China.
The W. F. M. S. of the [Cortland] First Baptist church met in the church parlor Friday afternoon at 2:30 o'clock. "China" was the subject of study, and the program was as follows:
Reading—China, Miss Bates.
Paper—The Recent Uprising in China, Mrs. C. C. Darby.
Reading—The Conversion of a Chinese Jailor, Mrs. Wilson.
Poem, Miss Bates.
Reading, Mrs. Reese.
Prayer, Secretary.
Neglected to Provide Clothing.
Benjamin Schouten was arrested by [Cortland] Officer Goldsmith yesterday afternoon on complaint of M. F. Davis and depositions of himself, Charles Rowe, Jas. Edwards and Chas. Huson, charged with not properly clothing his family. He was brought before Justice of the Peace Kelley yesterday and the case was adjourned till Dec. 10 at 10 o'clock.
Uniform Examinations.
Uniform examinations for the year 1901 in the First school commissioner district of Cortland county for first, second and third grade certificates and entrance to Normal schools and teachers' training classes will be held as follows:
January 10 -11—Cortland, at Normal school building.
April 11-12—McGrawville, at Academy building.
August 8 - 9—Cortland, at Normal school building.
November 14 -15—Marathon, at Academy building.
The examination begins at 9 A. M.
The program will be as follows:
THURSDAY.
Forenoon—Arithmetic, geography, drawing, philosophy and history of education.
Afternoon—English composition, grammar, physiology and hygiene, current topics.
FRIDAY.
Forenoon—American history, algebra, bookkeeping, orthography.
Afternoon—Civil government, school law, physics, methods and school management, reading.
Each examination shall embrace question papers on all subjects. All candidates must attend examinations in the school commissioner district in which they reside or in which they are teaching, or first obtain the commissioner's consent to attend elsewhere.
Mrs. Lydia Wood.
Mrs. Lydia Wood of Cuyler died from heart difficulty at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Wm. Blanchard, 4 miles west of Cortland, Monday, Dec. 3, aged 74 years. The remains were taken to Cuyler for burial where brief funeral services were held, Thursday, at 11 o'clock.
Four sons and three daughters survive: Messrs. Joseph, David, Chester and Peter Wood and Mrs. Henry Waters of Cuyler, Mrs. Helen Dely of Oneida and Mrs. Wm. Blanchard of Cortland.
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| Booker T. Washington. |
PAGE FOUR—EDITORIAL.
The Negro Problem.
One of the problems which is pressing for solution and to which more and more attention is being paid, says the Utica Press, is that which aims at better and more general education for the negro. The laws recently passed in some of the southern states, which seek his disfranchisement and which practically accomplish it, have an educational qualification which very few colored men can meet. But aside from any political advantage which might come to the race through the exercise of the elective franchise, it is an indisputable fact that education is the prime essential if the blacks are to amount to anything in this country. They multiply with startling rapidity, and if left in ignorance easily lapse into vice and may become a serious menace in the section of the country where they are the most numerous. While foreign missionary societies are sending money across the seas to darkest Africa and to China, when they chase the missionaries out if unable to behead them, it is well worth while for patriotic Americans to do something for the dark people of the darkest sections in our own country.
Probably, and indeed without question, Booker T. Washington is the most eminent and thoroughly respected negro of his time. Be believes that the salvation of his race lies in industrial education. What he has been doing at Tuskogee and what is being done at Hampton Institute near Old Point Comfort, is work of the most commendable character. The fact remains, however, that what these and similar institutions are doing amounts after all to but precious little compared with the entire colored population of the southern states. There is need for more general education than isolated institutions can provide.
Dr. Backus, an eminent philanthropist and political economist of Brooklyn, advocates the improvement and the development of the district schools throughout the South through northern contributions. At present their buildings are shabby and entirely inadequate, the teachers are, many of them, qualified and incompetent. It is said that the intelligent young colored people of both sexes are especially ambitious to be teachers, and that if they could secure the requisite education for themselves no other employment is more attractive to them than that of instructing the negro children. Dr. Backus believes in establishing Normal schools and helping those already in existence, in order to increase very materially the teaching force and thus carry the blessings of education to the tens and hundreds of thousands of blacks that sorely need it. Manual training and other forms of industrial education could and should accompany what is commonly called black learning. The people of the United States must face this problem, and the sooner it is satisfactorily solved, the better it will be for the country.
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| S. N. Holden. |
THE TAX BUDGET.
THREE TAXES TO BE PAID AT ONE TIME IN JANUARY.
Tax Rate is $1.754,184 per $100—About Half of the City Budget is for Schools and About Half of the Remainder is to Make up the Deficit of Unpaid Bills in the Past.
An adjourned meeting of the common council of the city of Cortland was held at the office of the clerk of said city on the 7th day of December, 1900, at 7:30 o'clock, P. M. Present: Samuel N. Holden mayor, E. M. Yager, C. F. Thompson, A. E. Buck, Wm. G. McKinney and Vern Skeele.
On motion of Mr. Yager, seconded by Mr. Skeele, and declared carried.
Resolved, That this board do, and does hereby revise the estimates and statements duly filed with this board, and hereby determine as to the amount necessary to be raised to defray the expenses of the city of Cortland for the ensuing fiscal year, the several following sums and amounts as follows:
Mayor Holden called for the ayes and nays on such resolution, and it was declared carried, all voting for the resolution.
It was moved by Mr. McKinney that the clerk have direction to procure Mr. Alley to extend the tax list for the ensuing year, seconded by Mr. Buck and declared carried, all voting aye.
The following bills were audited:
D., L. & W. R. R. Co., freight, $2.18
J. F. Costello, salary, 50.00
D. F. Waters, salary, 40.00
On motion meeting was adjourned to Dec. 12, 1900, at 7:30 o'clock P. M. at the office of the city clerk.
S. N. HOLDEN, Mayor.
Approved Dec. 7, 1900.
This shows the total city budget to be $67,661.16, which, with the certified county and state budget of $36, 278.94, gives a total amount of $103,940.10 to be raised. The assessed valuation is $5,925, 273, which will give a tax rate of $1.754,184 per $100 [sic].
It should also be kept in mind that this is virtually three taxes; the city tax of 1900, the city tax of 1901, and the county and state tax of 1901.
W. C. T. U. County Convention.
The quarterly county convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance union will be held in the Baptist church, Homer, on Thursday, Dec. 13. Mrs. Ella A. Boole, the state president, will be present during the entire session and will deliver the evening address.
PROHIBITION CONFERENCE.
Addresses by ministers at Y. M. C. A. Gymnasium Last Night.
The Prohibitionists held enthusiastic meetings at the Y. M. C. A. gymnasium yesterday afternoon and evening. They raised $100 for the purpose of sending prohibition literature through this county.
The program of the evening included devotional exercises led by members of the W. C. T. U., the reading of the minutes of the afternoon session, the taking up of a collection, and addresses by Rev. G. H. Brigham, Rev. E. D. Hammond of Marathon, Rev. O. M. Owen, Rev. A. Bergen Browe of McGraw, Rev. U. S. Milburn and Rev. W. Jasper Howell. An open parliament followed with Thanksgiving testimonies in which many took part. The music was led by Mr. Philo Meade. The benediction was pronounced by Rev. E. D. Hammond.
AFTER NINE YEARS
Diamond Stud Found—Cows had Tramped Over it in Barnyard.
Mr. William R. Cole, bookkeeper at the Cortland Savings bank, is wearing a handsome diamond stud that until a few nights ago he had not seen in over nine years. One night this week he received a call at his home, 6 Argyle Place, Cortland, from William Flood, who for upwards of a dozen years has been an employee upon the farm of Mr. W. R. Randall south of the city. Mr. Flood held out a diamond stud to Mr. Cole and inquired if he had ever seen it before. The latter examined it closely and said it looked like one he lost about nine years ago. Comparison with another stud of Mr. Cole's showed that it was exactly like it in size, cut and setting. Mr. Flood said he guessed it was one of the original pair fast enough and he turned it over to Mr. Cole.
It seems that nine years ago this last fall there was a wheelmen's parade in Cortland in which Mr. Cole rode. That night as he was retiring he missed one of the two studs which he had been wearing. He concluded that he had lost it during the parade and gave it up as gone. Mr. Cole's father, Mr. A. L. Cole, was then the manager of the Randall farm and the son was living at home on the farm.
On the day preceding the evening of Mr. Flood's call on Mr. Cole, the former had been entering the barn yard at the Randall farm when right in the path through which cows had tramped in and out for nine years, and for long years before that as well, he saw something glisten. He stooped and picked up this diamond stud. The setting showed hard usage and the effect of weather, but the stone was of course all right. He wondered how the stud came to be there. Then he remembered the loss sustained years before by the son of his employer and he concluded that the stud must have been lost there instead of on the streets of Cortland in a wheel parade.
It is strange enough to think that so small an object could have lain so long in a place that cows were passing over ever day, but there was no question about the genuineness or the identity of the stud, and Mr. Cole is glad to get it back again.
BREVITIES.
—The condition of Mrs. Houghton is unchanged this afternoon. The heart action is weak, but no worse than yesterday so far as can be detected.
—Rev. John Timothy Stone of Baltimore, Md., former pastor of the Presbyterian church, will preach in that church to-morrow morning and evening.
—The funeral of Mr. Eli B. Dickinson, who died at his home three miles northwest of Cortland yesterday morning, will be held at his late home Monday at 1 o'clock.
—New display advertisements to-day are—M. W. Giles, Christmas presents, page 7; C. F. Brown, Burnt Leather novelties, page 7; J . W. Cudworth, Optical talks, page 5.
—Mrs. Ella A. Boole, president of New York State Woman's Christian Temperance union, will deliver a lecture in Cortland on Sunday evening, Dec. 10. The place will be announced later.
—Henry Howes shipped a car of cattle to Pennsylvania on Monday. He has bought since Aug. 1 last over 1,000 head of cattle one year old or more, and 800 head of calves and lambs, and is still buying.—DeRuyter Gleaner.
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