Saturday, April 20, 2013

Water Cure and "Everything over 10"

transcribed from front page of the Wednesday, April 16, 1902 Cortland Evening Standard.

ORDERS TO CHAFFEE:

To Investigate Reports of the Waller Trial.

COURT MARTIALS MAY FOLLOW

President Orders Investigation of Alleged "Water Cure" Treatment
of Presidente of Igbarras—Major E. F. Glenn to Be Ordered to San
Francisco.

Washington, April 16.—As a result of the cabinet consideration of the charges of cruel treatment of Filipinos by United States soldiers, Secretary Root has made public some important correspondence. It consists of a letter from him to Senator Lodge, chairman of the Senate Philippine committee, acknowledging a copy of the testimony of Sergeant Charles S. Riley and Private William Lewis Smith late of the 26th infantry, taken before the committee. With this letter the secretary encloses a copy of a dispatch which was sent to General Chaffee, and the information that the judge advocate general of the army has been directed to take proper steps in accordance with the dispatch. The cablegram to General Chaffee is as follows:

"On February 19 a letter was sent you, enclosing for investigation the copy of charges made by Governor Gardener of Tayabas province, which contained general allegations of cruelties practiced by troops on natives, and generally of an insolent and brutal attitude of the army towards natives.

"On April 2, a cable dispatch was sent you urging action with all speed consistent with thorough and searching investigation.

"On the 4th of March a cable dispatch was sent you directing disciplinary measures to produce obedience to the president’s instructions, subordinating military officers to civil government in pacified provinces, and instructing you to relieve Major Edwin F. Glenn and Captain James A. Ryan from duty and order them to Manila to await investigation into their conduct; in accordance with instructions to follow by mail.

“On the 24th of March instructions were mailed you containing statement of charges against these officers and General Jacob H. Smith as the basis of the investigation ordered by the cable of March 4th.

"Further instructions in both matters are required by the following facts:

General Smith's Orders.

"Press dispatches state that upon the trial of Major Waller of the marine corps, testimony was given by Waller, corroborated by other witnesses, that General Jacob H. Smith instructed him to kill and burn, that the more he killed and burned the better pleased General Smith would be; that it was no time to take prisoners, and that when Major Waller asked General Smith to define the age limit for killing he replied "everything over 10”.

"If such testimony was given and the facts can be established, you will place General Smith on trial by court martial.

"Yesterday before the senate committee on Philippine affairs, Sergeant Charles S. Riley and Private William Lewis Smith of the 26th volunteer Infantry, testified that the form of torture known as the 'water curewas administered to the presidente of the town of Igbarras, Iloilo province, Island of Panay, by a detachment of the 18th United States Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Arthur L. Conger, under orders of Major Edwin F. Glenn, then captain 25th Infantry, and that captain and Assistant Surgeon Palmer Lyon, at that time a contract surgeon, was present to assist them. The officers or such of them as are found to be responsible for the act will be tried therefor by court martial. Conger and Lyon are in this country. Both the 26th volunteer infantry and 18th Infantry having returned to the United States and most of the witnesses being presumptively here, the secretary of war directs that Major E. F. Glenn, 26th infantry, be directed to proceed to San Francisco and report to the general commanding the department of California with a view to his trial by court martial under charges alleging the cruelties practiced by him upon a native of the Philippine Islands at Igbarras on the 27th of June, 1900.

Witnesses to Come to San Francisco.

"If you can discover any witnesses still in the service in the Philippines who can testify in support of the charges, or if Major Glenn desires the attendance of any persons now serving in the islands as witnesses for the defense, you will direct them to proceed to San Francisco for that purpose. As the two years allowed for the prosecution by the statute of limitations is nearly at an end no time is to be lost. Yon will take such course in advancing or postponing the investigations previously ordered into the conduct of General Smith and Major Glenn as shall be required to enable you to execute these instructions. It is believed that the violations of law and humanity of which these cases, if true, are examples will prove to be few and occasional and not to characterize the conduct of the army generally in the Philippines; but the fact that any such acts of cruelty and barbarity appear to have been done indicates the necessity of a most thorough, searching and exhaustive investigation under the general charges preferred by Governor Gardener and you will spare no effort, in the investigation already ordered under such charges, to uncover every such case which may have occurred, and bring the offenders to justice.

"The president [Theodore Roosevelt] desires to know in the fullest and most circumstantial manner all the facts, nothing being concealed, and no man being for any reason favored or shielded. For the very reason that the president intends to back up the army in the heartiest fashion in every lawful and legitimate method of doing its work, he also intends to see that the most rigorous care is exercised to detect and prevent any cruelty or brutality, and that men who are guilty thereof are punished. Great as the provocation has been in dealing with foes who habitually resort to treachery, murder and torture against our men, nothing can justify or will be held to justify the use of torture or inhuman conduct of any kind on the part of the American army.

"Elihu Root.

"Secretary of War.”

April 15, 1902.

References:
1) New York Times, April 16, 1902
2) Waterboarding--Wikipedia
3) Philippine-American War--Wikipedia
4) Mark Twain comments on Moro War

No comments:

Post a Comment