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| John Tyler Morgan. |
Cortland
Evening Standard, Friday, November 19, 1897.
ANNEXATION
OF HAWAII.
Senator Morgan Says We Must Have It.
MANY NATURAL ADVANTAGES.
Its
Possession Is Worth Millions to the United States—Majority of Natives
Favor
the Idea—A Strategic Point of Vantage For Our Navy.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 19.—Senator Morgan of
Alabama, member of the committee on foreign relations, has reached here on his
return from Honolulu, where he went to post himself on the annexation question.
For the first time he submitted himself to
an interview of the results of his trip, and said:
My conclusions, based on my observations,
are only a full confirmation of what I had previously believed, that it is our
national duty, and will be in every way advantageous to all concerned, to annex
Hawaii to this country.
I have studied the question from the most
authentic and reliable sources.
The establishment of an outpost of the
United States within the tropics and 2,200 miles from our coast, challenges the
inquiry whether such action is necessary to our national welfare.
Our northwestern possessions on the Pacific
along the Aleutian archipelago are over 1,000 miles west of Honolulu. This
gives us control of practically the entire American coast of the North Pacific.
The intervention of the British possessions from the straits of Fuca to the
northern boundary of Alaska creates a powerful reason for our occupation of
Hawaii.
Without imputing to Great Britain any other
motive than to extend her national policy of commercial conquest, it seems very
obvious that, if she should acquire dominion of Hawaii and open and fortify
Pearl harbor, her military fortress at Esquimalt, on the island of Vancouver,
co-operating, would cut our coast line in two,
and would leave us incumbered with a mass of territory in Alaska, whose defense
would be almost impossible and the famous advantage of which would be lost to
us.
The Vancouver coal fields would give the
British navy almost irresistible advantage in war and virtual dominion of
commerce in time of peace.
Beginning with Key West we have annexed the
entire gulf coast to the Rio
Grande by
purchase of territory, and extending up the Rio Grande across the continent to
the Pacific; we have annexed all the territory lying to the north of that line
and have annexed the entire Pacific coast, except the frontage of 600 miles
conceded to Great Britain.
This rapid and vast expansion has
contributed much to civilization, and in none of the transactions have we cause
for regret.
I have no fears of such expansion,
especially as to the possessions in the Pacific in those islands that constitute
a part of the geographical and commercial system of the North American
continent. There would not be the slightest difficulty in the character,
condition or wishes of the 31,000 native people of Hawaii.
Except among a few, who expect personal favors
and advancement from re-establishment of the royal government, the general body
of Hawaiian population will rejoice in the honor, safety, peace and prosperity
which annexation will bring. Morally and practically, the silent invasion of
Hawaii from the Orient (the Japanese) violates all the declared policy and often
expressed purpose of the United States to protect those people against foreign
interference.
The islands, as a national possession, would
richly reward us for expenditure of $100,000,000. The annexation would cost us
nothing and will not, at present, excite the open opposition of any nation.
Spain
Pleased With the Message.
MADRID, Nov. 19.—At the meeting of the
cabinet a letter from the United States minister General Stewart L. Woodford
was read, expressing the satisfaction and gratitude of the United States
government relative to the settlement of the Competitor case and other current
questions.
The communication created a good impression
in political circles.
McGRAWVILLE,
N. Y.
Crisp
Local Happenings at the Corset City.
———
Miss
Smith in Birmingham.
We are permitted to publish the following
personal letter from Miss Winifred A. Smith, who is teaching in Birmingham, Ala., to a lady friend in
McGrawville. Miss Smith has so many friends in this place, and her descriptions
are so excellent that many, no doubt, will be interested in the letter:
BIRMINGHAM, Ala., Oct. 26, 1897.
MY DEAR FRIEND—You will think that I have
been a long time in giving you the promised letter, but I have waited to see
the principal things of interest in Birmingham before attempting such a
difficult task.
After
a little more than a quarter of a century of development in a state of personal
freedom and with surroundings more favorable to its advancement than almost any
other city has enjoyed, Birmingham has been aptly styled by its admirers all
over the country the "Magic City," for it sprang from a hamlet to a
city as if by magic. In 1890 the city and suburbs boasted a population of
40,000 while now, seven years later, even though they have been years of great
and general depression, the population of the city and suburbs numbers at least
65,000. Strange is the fact, that in its rapid growth, the majority of its
buildings are substantial and compare favorably with eastern architecture and
structure. The whole city is well drained and brilliantly lighted on all its
streets, and electric and gas lights are in general use.
Birmingham has the largest electric plant in
the South. Traversing the city in four directions are beautiful broad streets,
some of them being 100 feet wide, while none are less than 80 feet in width.
Many of the streets extend for miles into the country, and Jefferson county has
over two hundred miles of macadamized roads which reach out to connect the city
with the mining camps and other settlements near. Belgrain blocks are used for
paving throughout the business portion of the city and a hard macadam surface
for the resident portion. The sidewalks are well laid in natural and artificial
stone, brick, and gravel, and are kept in good repair. The car lines about the
city and to suburban towns are largely operated by the trolley system. A few of
the longer lines use steam motors, or "dummy engines" as they are
called.
Like our own Brooklyn, Birmingham is a
"City of Churches." Twelve denominations are represented with
eighty-two church edifices, averaging in cost from $100,000 to $150,000. The
county courthouse is a handsome building of red brick and terra cotta. The
postoffice is in a commodious government building. The city hall is another
large, well arranged building, covering all the city official rooms and
reaching out its friendly roof over the city market, city prison and the north
side fire department. Birmingham has about one hundred and eighty manufacturing
plants. The railroad accommodations are unexcelled. There are railroads running
out in eleven direct lines from the city, touching all important points, north,
south, east and west.
With a solid mountain range of iron on one
side and exhaustless coal fields on the other and limestone in abundance, right
at the furnace door, is it any wonder that in the small area of Jones valley
there are twenty-six hot blast coke furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron?
There are employed in the different mines, furnaces, coke ovens, rolling mills,
founderies and other iron industries nearly 22,000 men and their average pay-roll
is nearly a million dollars a month from the iron and mining trade alone. From
this you can gain some idea of its magnitude.
The Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad
company are the largest pig iron producers, and their furnace—that at Ensley, seven
miles from the city—ranges first among the largest in existence. Last week I
visited this furnace and the sight to me was appalling. An immense blast
furnace is constructed of stone and lined with firebricks. At the top is the
door and at the bottom are pipes for forcing in hot air as much as 12,000 cubic
feet per minute. The furnace is filled with coal, iron and limestone in
alternate layers. The iron is melted and drawn off in channels. The carbon
unites with the oxygen of the ore and the calcium carbonate and other
impurities form a richly colored glassy slag which rises to the top. The melted
ore runs to the bottom and is drawn off in channels cut in the wet sand. They look
like streamlets of gold and fire as they run out to fill the little channels prepared
for them. The large main channel is called the "sow" and the smaller,
lateral ones are termed "pigs"—hence the name pig iron. The usual
forms are cast, wrought and steel, depending upon the proportion of carbon they
receive. Cast iron is brittle, cannot be welded and is neither malleable nor
ductile. It is an exception to the law that "cold contracts" for at
the instant of its solidification it expands so as to copy exactly every line of
mould into which it is poured. This is why it is so serviceable for casting,
and so gets its name, because it may be made so soft as to be easily turned or
filed or so hard by cooling in iron moulds that no tool will effect it.
Wrought iron is produced by burning carbon
with cast iron in a current of highly heated air. It is stirred and exposed to
the heated air constantly and is taken off at white heat and beaten under a
triphammer until all the slag is forced out, then passed under grooved rollers
to bring the particles of iron nearer each other and so gives it a fibrous
structure which can be welded. It is hardened by cooling rapidly and softened
by cooling slowly. For the purpose of cooling at an even temperature the iron
is often enveloped in wet sand.
The value of steel depends on the temper. It
can be made from cast iron by burning out a portion of carbon, or it can be
made from wrought iron by heating in boxes of charcoal and so adding carbon.
The temper is secured by heating the article and allowing it to cool. The higher
the temperature, the softer the steel. The workman can only decide by the color
of oxide which forms on the top. Razors require a straw yellow color, table
knives a purple, springs and swords a bright blue and saws a dark blue.
Nature has supplied Birmingham and
surrounding parts with picturesque scenery, and nestling in the heart of the
city are many beautiful parks. Among the most important and popular is East
Lake. This charming breathing place consists of a most delightfully arranged
park upon the shores of a placid lake, the surface of which is at all times
during the season dotted with pleasure boats or made lively by gay parties of
bathers. In summer music and summer opera are furnished to the frequenters in a
large pavilion.
Birmingham is exceptionally fortunate in its
educational facilities. At the Atlanta exposition there were awarded to the
Birmingham school exhibit the diploma of honor and a gold medal. Just here I
will speak of our own school—the Birmingham seminary. It is a beautiful three-story
brick and stone structure situated in close proximity with the business portion
of the city, yet far enough out to avoid the noise and confusion. We have all
the modern improvements as to heat, lights and water and the building has been
newly refitted and refurnished. We have 150 pupils and have almost outgrown our
present quarters.
The social atmosphere of Birmingham is soft
and radiant from the presence of lovely, graceful and cultured women and noble,
chivalrous men. It is a real pleasure to come in touch with such delightfully
thoughtful people who are always vying with each other to do some little act of
courtesy for "the stranger within the gates."
Most loyally yours,
WINIFRED ANNIE SMITH.
BOARD OF
SUPERVISORS.
Proceedings
of Cortland County's Lawmakers and Financiers.
Ninth
Day, Friday, Nov. 19.
All the members of the board were present at
the rollcall.
An invitation from Dr. F. J. Cheney,
principal of the Normal school, for the supervisors to visit the school was
received and read by the clerk.
A communication was read from the state
board of tax commissioners urging the supervisors to exercise great care in
making their equalization this year to have it as just as possible, and
suggesting a plan for equalizing according to full value.
County Treasurer Foster presented his annual
report which was read and referred to the committee to settle with county
treasurer.
Mr. Corning, chairman of the committee to
settle with the county treasurer, reported that his committee had examined all
the books, vouchers and papers presented to them, had compared them with the
report and had found them all correct in every respect.
The remainder of the forenoon was devoted to
committee work.
SUPERVISORS
AT SYRACUSE
Attended
Meeting of Onondaga County Board—Speeches by Several.
During the recent visit of part of the
Cortland county board of supervisors to Syracuse they attended a meeting of the
Onondaga county board of supervisors, and the Syracuse Standard of this morning
says:
Marshall R. Dyer of Pompey, being the senior
member of the board, was called upon by the acting chairman to welcome the
supervisors from the sister county. Mr. Dyer made some appropriate remarks,
welcoming the visitors to this county and suggesting the propriety of an
exchange of visits b4weeu the supervisors of the counties of Cortland and
Onondaga in the future. The Onondaga board, he said, frequently exchange visits
with the Oneida and Cayuga county boards, and he thought that the local board
should be on the same intimate terms with the Cortland county board of supervisors.
W. H. Crane, the chairman of the Cortland county
board, sat with Mr. Williams and responded to the remarks of Mr. Dyer. He
heartily thanked the board for the courtesies extended to the Cortland county
supervisors and congratulated old Onondaga, especially the city of Syracuse,
upon its rapid growth. Cortland, he said, is an offshoot from Onondaga, and the
visit of the supervisors of Cortland to this county is like a visit of the child
to the mother. For many years Onondaga and Cortland counties were in the same
senatorial and congressional districts. Now they are separated politically, but
Mr. Crane believed he voiced the sentiments of the people of Cortland when he
said he hoped that the ties of fraternal feeling between the two counties would
never be broken.
In years past, he said, the Cortland county
men were in the habit of coming to Syracuse to vote in convention for
candidates selected in Onondaga county (laughter.) But Onondaga county, he
added, had always selected good candidates for the people of Cortland county to
vote for.
Remarks were also made by A. E. Seymour,
clerk of the Cortland county board, George E. Baxter of Salina and others.
ENTERTAINED
AT DINNER.
Landlord
Smith Prepares a Fine Spread for the Supervisors.
Proprietor Dorr C. Smith of the Cortland
House entertained the members of the Cortland county board of supervisors and
their clerk, A. E. Seymour, at dinner at his popular hostelry to-day. All the
supervisors were present except Mr. O'Donnell of Truxton, who was unavoidably
detained. The supervisors occupied seats about a table reserved for them at the
south side of the spacious dining room. On the table were tree palms, and with
its snowy linen and glistening silver, a pretty sight met the legislators as
they took their positions.
The menu was one prepared especially for the
occasion and met with the most hearty approval of the guests who discussed it
thoroughly, and enjoyed it in the highest degree. The entire menu, which was as
follows, was served in the faultless manner characteristic of Mine Host Smith
in always furnishing the best of everything to his guests:
EXCELLENT
IMPROVEMENTS.
A Rapid
Grinder Put into the Cortland Steam Mill.
Mr. W. S. Hoxie, manager of the Cortland
steam mill on Port Watson-st., is highly gratified at the workings of a new
grinder that has just been put into the mill by the owners, the heirs of the
Peck estate. It is a Robinson grinder with the Munson patent, manufactured by
Munson Brothers of Utica. The grinder has a capacity of from 60 to 100 bushels
of corn, barley, oats, or grain of any kind per hour, ground to any fineness
desired, from being merely cracked to the consistency of the finest flour. Two
discs, 4 inches in diameter, revolved in opposite directions, each at the rate
of 1,600 revolutions per minute. Farmers who wish their own grain ground are
much pleased with this new machine, for it enables them to get their grist so
quickly and start for home, and the feed is also ground in such a very
satisfactory manner.
Lost a
Finger.
Franklin Hayes, a trimmer employed at the
works of the Cortland Carriage Goods
company, caught his left hand between cog wheels late yesterday afternoon. The
bone and flesh of the second finger were mangled in a horrible manner. Dr. S.
E. Bennett upon examining the injury found that the finger could not be saved,
and amputated the member just below the second joint. He resides on Homer-ave.
FOUND
DEAD IN A LOT.
Ephraim
Lewis of DeRuyter Suddenly Expired Thursday.
(From
the DeRuyter Gleaner, Nov. 18.)
About 10 o'clock this forenoon as James Hunt
was driving into town he saw the body of a man lying in E. B. Parsons' lot just
below the road. He stopped his team and walked over to the spot where the body
lay and to his great surprise found Ephraim Lewis lying face downward on the
ground. Life had left him evidently about thirty minutes before as the body was
cold. Eugene Reynolds
was just passing and he was sent to the village for help. Dr. McClellan
Immediately responded and upon the order of the coroner the body was taken to
his late home with his nephew, about one mile north of the village. He was in
the habit of walking to the village mornings, coming down the railroad track
because of the easier traveling, and had left the track to take the highway
when death overtook him.
Mr. Lewis was about 75 years of age, and had
been a resident of DeRuyter all his life. He was born on the farm now owned by
E. B. Roils, two miles south of DeRuyter, where he resided for many years. The
cause of death is unknown, but was probably heart trouble. He had been quite
feeble for several months past and was a sufferer from hernia.
BREVITIES.
—The Iroquois Dancing club meets tomorrow
evening in Empire hall at 7:30 o'clock.
—Robert Riley, a tramp hailing from Jersey
City, was discharged from police court this morning.
—Messrs. M. E. and D. G. Corwin are to-day
putting in a new plate glass front at Stowell's Bargain House, which will add
materially to its appearance.
—The Thanksgiving services this year will be
held at the Homer-ave. church at 11 o'clock, and the sermon will be preached by
the pastor of that church, Rev. J. C. B. Moyer.
—New display advertisements to-day are—Bingham
Bros. & Miller, Clothing, page 7; A. S. Burgess, Shoes, page 8; Palmer
& Co., Bargains, page 6; F. E. Brogden, Cough Cordial, page 4.
—The account of a very sad accident at Como
yesterday which resulted in the death of a little fellow 10 years old is noted
in our Homer letter to-day. He was watching an older boy load a rifle, when the
gun was discharged.
—The Normal football team goes to Greene to-morrow,
where it will play against a team composed of townsmen of that place. The
excellent record already made by the opposing eleven promises an exciting
contest to-morrow.
—The meetings of Grover post No. 98, G. A. R.,
have been changed from Wednesday to Monday nights, and hereafter they will be
held the first and third Mondays of each month. At the next meeting, Dec. 6,
will occur the annual election of officers.
—A small fire was discovered in the upper floor
of the Syracuse Sunday Times building in James-st. yesterday morning at 7:20
o'clock. It was immediately extinguished and no damage was done. It is supposed
that the fire was caused by an electric wire.
—A change of time goes into effect on the
New York Central R. R. on Sunday, Nov. 21. Only a few trains are affected. We
have not yet been able to secure a revised timetable, but give this notice that
people who contemplate a trip on or after Sunday may take warning and not get
left on their connections.
Pre-Empting
Property in Dryden, N. Y.
Last spring the Brookton skunk farm was
abandoned and five hundred skunks are said to have been liberated to wander
over Tompkins county. The malodorous little beasts are numerous about Dryden
and are making themselves perfectly at home. A number of them have taken up a
claim under a house in this vicinity and bid fair to eject the owners, who have
been obliged to sleep with the doors and windows open, hang up their Sunday
clothes in the barn, put the butter crock in the garden and stay at the
neighbors' as long as they conveniently could. At another house the kitchen
door was left open and a skunk found its way in, much to the horror of the mistress
of the home.—Dryden Herald.
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